Table of Contents:
  • The nature and levels of adaptation
  • fundamental mechanisms of adaptation
  • The problems of size and scale
  • Water, Ions, and osmotic physiology
  • Animal water balance, osmoregulations, and excretion
  • Metabolism and energy supply
  • Respiration and circulation
  • Temperature and its effects
  • Excitable tissues: nervous systems and muscles
  • Hormones and chemical control systems
  • Marine life
  • Shorelines and estuaries
  • Fresh water
  • Special aquatic habitats
  • Terrestrial life
  • Extreme terrestrial habitats
  • Parasitic habitats.