| Abstract: | The focus of this paper is to research the relationship between the popes and emperors, beginning in 962 with the imperial coronation of Otto I by Pope John XII and ending in 1122 with the Concordat at Worms between Henry V and Pope Calixtus II. This research is a study of the events leading up to and including the Investiture Controversy. The Investiture Controversy is a power struggle between the popes and the emperors over who had what authority. Each claimed authority over the other. Through the study of primary and secondary sources in the paper, certain events and conflicts are discussed. The coronation of Otto I by Pope John XII in 962, mentioned above, the relationship between Otto III and Pope Sylvester II the Synod at Sutri in 1046, the reforms of Pope Nicholas II and Pope Gregory VII, the conflict between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VIL and the Concordat at Worms in 1122 are analyzed and their significance considered. The result of the research is to demonstrate that the Investiture Controversy was the consequence of years of struggle between the German Emperors and the Papacy. |
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