http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Merging Optimization and Control in Power Systems
Physical and Cyber Restrictions in Distributed Frequency Control and Beyond
Merging Optimization and Control in Power Systems A novel exploration of distributed control in power systems with insightful discussions of physical and cyber restrictions In Merging Optimization and Control in Power Systems an accomplished team of engineers deliver a comprehensive introduction to distributed optimal control in power systems. The book re-imagines control design within the framework of cyber-physical systems with restrictions in both the physical and cyber spaces, addressing operational constraints, non-smooth objective functions, rapid power fluctuations caused by renewable generations, partial control coverage, communication delays, and non-identical sampling rates. This book bridges the gap between optimization and control in two ways. First, optimization-based feedback control is explored. The authors describe feedback controllers which automatically drive system states asymptotically to specific, desired optimal working points. Second, the book discusses feedback-based optimization. Leveraging the philosophy of feedback control, the authors envision the online solving of complicated optimization and control problems of power systems to adapt to time-varying environments. Readers will also find: A thorough argument against the traditional and centralized hierarchy of power system control in favor of the merged approach described in the book Comprehensive explorations of the fundamental changes gripping the power system today, including the increasing penetration of renewable and distributed generation, the proliferation of electric vehicles, and increases in load demand Data, tables, illustrations, and case studies covering realistic power systems and experiments In-depth examinations of physical and cyber restrictions, as well as the robustness and adaptability of the proposed model Perfect for postgraduate students and researchers with the prerequisite knowledge of power system analysis, operation, and dynamics, convex optimization theory, and control theory, Merging Optimization and Control in Power Systems is an advanced and timely treatment of distributed optimal controller design.
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Traditional Hierarchical Control Structure -- 1.1.1 Hierarchical Frequency Control -- 1.1.1.1 Primary Frequency Control -- 1.1.1.2 Secondary Frequency Control -- 1.1.1.3 Tertiary Frequency Control -- 1.1.2 Hierarchical Voltage Control -- 1.1.2.1 Primary Voltage Control -- 1.1.2.2 Secondary Voltage Control -- 1.1.2.3 Tertiary Voltage Control -- 1.2 Transitions and Challenges -- 1.3 Removing Central Coordinators: Distributed Coordination -- 1.3.1 Distributed Control
1.3.2 Distributed Optimization -- 1.4 Merging Optimization and Control -- 1.4.1 Optimization-Guided Control -- 1.4.2 Feedback-Based Optimization -- 1.5 Overview of the Book -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2 Preliminaries -- 2.1 Norm -- 2.1.1 Vector Norm -- 2.1.2 Matrix Norm -- 2.2 Graph Theory -- 2.2.1 Basic Concepts -- 2.2.2 Laplacian Matrix -- 2.3 Convex Optimization -- 2.3.1 Convex Set -- 2.3.1.1 Basic Concepts -- 2.3.1.2 Cone -- 2.3.2 Convex Function -- 2.3.2.1 Basic Concepts -- 2.3.2.2 Jensen's Inequality -- 2.3.3 Convex Programming -- 2.3.4 Duality -- 2.3.5 Saddle Point -- 2.3.6 KKT Conditions
2.4 Projection Operator -- 2.4.1 Basic Concepts -- 2.4.2 Projection Operator -- 2.5 Stability Theory -- 2.5.1 Lyapunov Stability -- 2.5.2 Invariance Principle -- 2.5.3 Input-Output Stability -- 2.6 Passivity and Dissipativity Theory -- 2.6.1 Passivity -- 2.6.2 Dissipativity -- 2.7 Power Flow Model -- 2.7.1 Nonlinear Power Flow -- 2.7.1.1 Bus Injection Model (BIM) -- 2.7.1.2 Branch Flow Model (BFM) -- 2.7.2 Linear Power Flow -- 2.7.2.1 DC Power Flow -- 2.7.2.2 Linearized Branch Flow -- 2.8 Power System Dynamics -- 2.8.1 Synchronous Generator Model -- 2.8.2 Inverter Model -- Bibliography
Chapter 3 Bridging Control and Optimization in Distributed Optimal Frequency Control -- 3.1 Background -- 3.1.1 Motivation -- 3.1.2 Summary -- 3.1.3 Organization -- 3.2 Power System Model -- 3.2.1 Generator Buses -- 3.2.2 Load Buses -- 3.2.3 Branch Flows -- 3.2.4 Dynamic Network Model -- 3.3 Design and Stability of Primary Frequency Control -- 3.3.1 Optimal Load Control -- 3.3.2 Main Results -- 3.3.3 Implications -- 3.4 Convergence Analysis -- 3.5 Case Studies -- 3.5.1 Test System -- 3.5.2 Simulation Results -- 3.6 Conclusion and Notes -- Bibliography
Chapter 4 Physical Restrictions: Input Saturation in Secondary Frequency Control -- 4.1 Background -- 4.2 Power System Model -- 4.3 Control Design for Per-Node Power Balance -- 4.3.1 Control Goals -- 4.3.2 Decentralized Optimal Controller -- 4.3.3 Design Rationale -- 4.3.3.1 Primal-Dual Algorithms -- 4.3.3.2 Design of Controller (4.6) -- 4.4 Optimality and Uniqueness of Equilibrium -- 4.5 Stability Analysis -- 4.6 Case Studies -- 4.6.1 Test System -- 4.6.2 Simulation Results -- 4.6.2.1 Stability and Optimality -- 4.6.2.2 Dynamic Performance -- 4.6.2.3 Comparison with AGC
Feng Liu, Zhaojian Wang, Changhong Zhao, Peng Yang.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
IEEE Press Series on Control Systems Theory and Applications
Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,c2022