Carbon Science and Technology : From Energy to Materials.
Carbon solids have been utilized by man since prehistoric times, first as a source of heat and then for other purposes; these are used as key markers for different civilizations. The essential role played by the use of coal mines during the industrial revolution as a main source of energy is a cruci...
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
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London :
Wiley,
2012.
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| Series: | ISTE.
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to the full text of this electronic book |
Table of Contents:
- Cover; Carbon Science and Technology; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Introduction; Chemical Glossary; Chapter 1. From the Chemical Element to Solids; 1.1. Carbon on Earth; 1.2. A brief history of the chemistry of carbon; 1.2.1. The first discoveries: fire, heat and metals; 1.2.2. Exploitation of mined resources; 1.2.3. Uses of dispersed carbons; 1.3. Presentation of carbon solids; 1.3.1. Comparison of natural and artificial evolution; 1.3.2. Production and development of carbonaceous products; 1.4. Conclusion and perspectives; 1.5. Bibliography.
- Chapter 2. The Polymorphism of Carbon2.1. The carbon atom and its chemical bonds; 2.1.1. Chemical bonds and solid phases; 2.1.2. Carbon isotopes; 2.2. A thermodynamic approach; 2.2.1. Some reminders about phenomenonological thermodynamics; 2.2.2. Diagram of equilibrium states of carbon; 2.3. New molecular phases; 2.4. Non-crystalline carbons; 2.4.1. Principal processes; 2.4.2. Evolution and structural characterizations; 2.4.3. Homogeneous massive carbons; 2.4.4. Porous and dispersed carbons; 2.5. From solids to materials; 2.6. Bibliography.
- Chapter 3. Natural Carbons: Energy Source and Carbochemistry3.1. Primary energy sources; 3.1.1. The various forms of energy; 3.1.2. Combustion of natural coals; 3.1.3. Manufacturing cements; 3.1.4. Gasification and liquefaction procedures; 3.2. Carbochemistry; 3.2.1. Intermediary products: coal tar and pitch; 3.2.2. Solid primary materials: cokes and artificial graphites; 3.3. Use of coal resources; 3.3.1. Primary energy source; 3.3.2. The future of carbochemistry and carbonaceous materials; 3.4. Summation and essential points; 3.5. Bibliography; Chapter 4. The Role of Carbon in Metallurgy.
- 4.1. Principles and evolution of the steel industry4.1.1. Industrial manufacturing for cast iron and steel; 4.1.2. Carbons in the steel industry; 4.2. The manufacturing of aluminum; 4.2.1. Electrolysis tank; 4.2.2. Carbons for the aluminum industry; 4.3. Silicon production; 4.3.1. Obtaining metallurgical silicon; 4.3.2. Carbon electrodes; 4.4. Metallic carbides; 4.4.1. Synthesis of acetylene; 4.4.2. Refractory carbides; 4.5. Summary and essential points; 4.6. Bibliography; Chapter 5. Black and White Ceramics; 5.1. Graphites and isotropic carbons; 5.1.1. Manufacturing artificial graphites.
- 5.1.2. General physical properties5.1.3. Glassy carbons; 5.1.4. Major areas of application; 5.2. Pyrocarbons and pyrographites; 5.2.1. Pyrocarbons (Pyc) obtained via vapor-phase chemical deposit; 5.2.2. Textural and physical characteristics; 5.2.3. Pyrographites and analogs; 5.3. Films of diamond; 5.3.1. Thin layer processes; 5.3.2. Properties and fields of application; 5.4. Summary and essential points; 5.5. Bibliography; Chapter 6. Dispersed and Porous Carbons; 6.1. Carbon blacks; 6.1.1. Formation mechanisms and industrial processes; 6.1.2. Classification and characteristics.