http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
1 online resource (x, 220 pages) : illustrations
"Beyond the Zone System, Fourth Edition successfully bridges the gap between the well-established science of sensitometry and the popular use of photography as an expressive medium." "Updated to include a new chapter on control of image gradation, Beyond the Zone System, Fourth Edition goes beyond trial and error, and provides a thorough explanation of photographic material characteristics. Both theoretical and practical, this book is essential for anyone who wants to know why, as well as how, the photographic process works. Book jacket."--Jacket
Chapter 1. Why Sensitometry? -- Chapter 2. Learning the Language -- What the Numbers Mean -- Arithmetic Series -- Geometric Series -- Stops -- Logarithms: Numerical Shorthand -- Graphs and Charts -- Exercises -- Chapter 3. How to Read and Interpret Characteristic Curves -- Some Terms Defined -- The Anatomy of a Characteristic Curve -- Film Image Formation -- Curve Gradient Measurements: Gamma (y) -- Average Gradient (G) -- Contrast Index (CI) -- Curve Gradient vs. Developing Time -- Film Speeds -- How Development Affects Film Speed -- How Film Speeds Are Determined -- Effective Film Speed (EFS) -- The Paper Curve -- Standards for Calibrating Paper Curves -- The Useful Limits of the Paper Curve -- Review: The Tone Reproduction Cycle -- Chapter 4. From Theory to Practice -- Drawing Tools and Techniques -- Analyzing the Paper Curve -- Flare Compensation -- Analyzing the Film Curve -- Locating IDmin -- Locating IDmax -- Determining the Subject Range -- Finding Effective Film Speeds -- Preparing the Working Charts -- Chapter 5. The Densitometer Dilemma -- How Densitometers Work -- Adapting Your Spotmeter for Densitometry -- Setting Up the Spotmeter/Densitometer -- The Step Tablet -- Chapter 6. Testing Your Materials -- Testing Paper: Preparation -- The Callier Quotient -- Contact-Printing Test Procedure -- Calculating the Test Exposure Time -- Projection Testing -- Preparing the Step Tablet -- Projection Test Procedure -- Testing Film -- Determining the Film Test Exposure -- Developing the Test Films: Preparation -- Tray Development of Sheet Film -- Tube Development of Sheet Film -- Testing Roll Film -- Roll Film Test Exposure -- Roll Film Development -- Chapter 7. Interpreting the Curves for Working Data -- Drawing and Analyzing Paper Curves -- Drawing Film Curves -- Troubleshooting the Film Test -- Calibrating Film Curves -- Locating the Speed Points -- Analyzing Film Curves -- Review of Analysis Systems -- Review of Zones and Stops -- Extracting Zone System Data from the Curves -- Extracting Incident System Data from the Curves -- Alternative Data -- Chapter 8. Getting to Know Your Meter -- Meter Types: Luminance and Illuminance -- The Wide-Field Averaging Meter -- The Spotmeter -- The Standard Gray Card -- The Incident Meter -- Meter Calibration -- Relating Light Readings to Camera Settings -- Chapter 9. Exposure/Development Control Systems -- The Zone System -- The Concept of Zones -- Metering and Zone Placement -- The N-Numbers -- Traditional Test Methods -- Using the Working Charts: An Example -- An Alternative: The Incident Meter -- Determining the SBR with an Incident Meter -- Metering for the Incident System -- Appraising Results Without a Densitometer -- Common Mistakes -- Incident Metering of Unusual Subjects -- Creative Incident Metering -- Chapter 10. Image Gradation -- Chapter 11. The Systems Beyond -- Visualization Aids -- Computer-Assisted Photography -- Computer Software: Plotter and Matcher -- Chapter 12. Fine Tuning -- "Failure" of the Reciprocity Law -- Testing for Reciprocity Effects -- Testing for Flare -- Compensating Your Film Curves for Flare -- Film Development Variations -- Water-Bath Development -- Divided Development -- Altering Paper Contrast: Preexposure -- Paper Development Variations -- Post-Treatment of Prints -- Appendix 1. Useful Equations -- Lens Formulas: f-numbers -- Lens Field Coverage Calculations -- G, SBR, N Conversions -- Depth-of-Field Calculations -- Appendix 2. Densitometer Design and Construction -- Appendix 3. Film Developing Tube -- Appendix 4. Practice Materials -- Appendix 5. The PowerDial -- Answers to Chapter 2 Exercises.
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