Microbiology : with diseases by body system /

Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 5th Edition helps students visualize the invisible and practice critical thinking with real-world problems and clinical applications. The textbook includes QR codes for Video Tutors and Disease in Depth features that foster understanding and encourage stude...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Bauman, Robert W. (Author), Primm, Todd P. (Author), Siegesmund, Amy M. (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Hoboken, New Jersey : Pearson Education, Inc., [2018].
Edition:	Fifth edition.
Subjects:	Microbiology. Microbiological Phenomena Microbiological Techniques > methods Communicable Diseases > microbiology Microbiology

Table of Contents:

1. Brief History of Microbiology
Early Years of Microbiology
What Does Life Really Look Like?
How Can Microbes Be Classified?
Golden Age of Microbiology
Does Microbial Life Spontaneously Generate?
What Causes Fermentation?
What Causes Disease?
How Can We Prevent Infection and Disease?
Modern Age of Microbiology
What Are the Basic Chemical Reactions of Life?
How Do Genes Work?
What Roles Do Microorganisms Play in the Environment?
How Do We Defend Against Disease?
What Will the Future Hold?
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
2. Chemistry of Microbiology
Atoms
Atomic Structure
Isotopes
Electron Configurations
Chemical Bonds
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
Polar Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
Chemical Reactions
Synthesis Reactions
Decomposition Reactions
Exchange Reactions
Water, Acids, Bases, and Salts
Water
Acids and Bases
Salts
Organic Macromolecules
Functional Groups
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
3. Cell Structure and Function
Processes of Life
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: An Overview
External Structures of Bacterial Cells
Glycocalyces
Flagella
Fimbriae and Pili
Bacterial Cell Walls
Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Walls
Gram-Negative Bacterial Cell Walls
Bacteria Without Cell Walls
Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes
Structure
Function
Cytoplasm of Bacteria
Cytosol
Inclusions
Endospores
Nonmembranous Organelles
External Structures of Archaea
Glycocalyces
Flagella
Fimbriae and Hami
Archaeal Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes
Cytoplasm of Archaea
External Structure of Eukaryotic Cells
Glycocalyces
Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes
Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes
Flagella
Cilia
Other Nonmembranous Organelles
Membranous Organelles
Endosymbiotic Theory
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
4. Microscopy, Staining, and Classification
Units of Measurement
Microscopy
General Principles of Microscopy
Light Microscopy
Electron Microscopy
Probe Microscopy
Staining
Preparing Specimens for Staining
Principles of Staining
Simple Stains
Differential Stains
Special Stains
Staining for Electron Microscopy
Classification and Identification of Microorganisms
Linnaeus and Taxonomic Categories
Domains
Taxonomic and Identifying Characteristics
Taxonomic Keys
Micro Matters
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
5. Microbial Metabolism
Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism
Catabolism and Anabolism
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
ATP Production and Energy Storage
Roles of Enzymes in Metabolism
Carbohydrate Catabolism
Glycolysis
Cellular Respiration
Metabolic Diversity
Fermentation
Other Catabolic Pathways
Lipid Catabolism
Protein Catabolism
Photosynthesis
Chemicals and Structures
Light-Dependent Reactions
Light-Independent Reactions
Other Anabolic Pathways
Carbohydrate Biosynthesis
Lipid Biosynthesis
Amino Acid Biosynthesis
Nucleotide Biosynthesis
Integration and Regulation of Metabolic Functions
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
6. Microbial Nutrition and Growth
Growth Requirements
Nutrients: Chemical and Energy Requirements
Physical Requirements
Associations and Biofilms
Culturing Microorganisms
Clinical Sampling
Obtaining Pure Cultures
Culture Media
Special Culture Techniques
Preserving Cultures
Growth of Microbial Populations
Generation Time
Mathematical Considerations in Population Growth
Phases of Microbial Population Growth
Continuous Culture in a Chemostat
Measuring Microbial Reproduction
Micro Matters
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
7. Microbial Genetics
Structure and Replication of Genomes
Structure of Nucleic Acids
Structure of Prokaryotic Genomes
Structure of Eukaryotic Genomes
DNA Replication
Gene Function
Relationship Between Genotype and Phenotype
Transfer of Genetic Information
Events in Transcription
Translation
Regulation of Genetic Expression
Mutations of Genes
Types of Mutations
Effects of Point Mutations
Mutagens
Frequency of Mutation
DNA Repair
Identifying Mutants, Mutagens, and Carcinogens
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Transposons and Transposition
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
8. Recombinant DNA Technology
Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology
Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology
Mutagens
Use of Reverse Transcriptase to Synthesize cDNA
Synthetic Nucleic Acids
Restriction Enzymes
Vectors
Gene Libraries
Techniques of Recombinant DNA Technology
Multiplying DNA In Vitro: The Polymerase Chain Reaction
Selecting a Clone of Recombinant Cells
Separating DNA Molecules: Gel Electrophoresis and the Southern Blot
DNA Microarrays
Inserting DNA into Cells
Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology
Genetic Mapping
Microbial Community Studies
Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications
Agricultural Applications
Ethics and Safety of Recombinant DNA Technology
Micro Matters
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
9. Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment
Basic Principles of Microbial Control
Terminology of Microbial Control
Microbial Death Rates
Action of Antimicrobial Agents
Selection of Microbial Control Methods
Factors Affecting the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Methods
Biosafety Levels
Physical Methods of Microbial Control
Heat-Related Methods
Refrigeration and Freezing
Desiccation and Lyophilization
Filtration
Osmotic Pressure
Radiation
Chemical Methods of Microbial Control
Phenol and Phenolics
Alcohols
Halogens
Oxidizing Agents
Surfactants
Heavy Metals
Aldehydes
Gaseous Agents
Enzymes
Antimicrobial Drugs
Methods for Evaluating Disinfectants and Antiseptics
Development of Resistant Microbes
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
10. Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
History of Antimicrobial Agents
Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action
Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
Disruption of Cytoplasmic Membranes
Inhibition of Metabolic Pathways
Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
Prevention of Virus Attachment, Entry, or Uncoating
Clinical Considerations in Prescribing Antimicrobial Drugs
Spectrum of Action
Effectiveness
Routes of Administration
Safety and Side Effects
Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs
Development of Resistance in Populations
Mechanisms of Resistance
Multiple Resistance and Cross Resistance
Retarding Resistance
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
11. Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes
General Characteristics of Prokaryotic Organisms
Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells
Endospores
Reproduction of Prokaryotic Cells
Arrangements of Prokaryotic Cells
Modern Prokaryotic Classification
Survey of Archaea
Extremophiles
Methanogens
Survey of Bacteria
Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria
Low G + C Gram-Positive Bacteria
High G + C Gram-Positive Bacteria
Gram-Negative Proteobacteria
Other Gram-Negative Bacteria
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
12. Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes
General Characteristics of Eukaryotic Organisms
Reproduction of Eukaryotes
Classification of Eukaryotic Organisms
Protozoa
Distribution of Protozoa
Morphology of Protozoa
Nutrition of Protozoa
Reproduction of Protozoa
Classification of Protozoa
Fungi
Significance of Fungi
Morphology of Fungi
Nutrition of Fungi
Reproduction of Fungi
Classification of Fungi
Lichens
Algae
Distribution of Algae
Morphology of Algae
Reproduction of Algae
Classification of Algae
Water Molds
Other Eukaryotes of Microbiological Interest: Parasitic Helminths and Vectors
Arachnids
Insects
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
13. Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
Characteristics of Viruses
Genetic Material of Viruses
Hosts of Viruses
Sizes of Viruses
Capsid Morphology
Viral Shapes
Viral Envelope
Classification of Viruses
Viral Replication
Lytic Replication of Bacteriophages
Lysogenic Replication of Bacteriophages
Replication of Animal Viruses
Role of Viruses in Cancer
Culturing Viruses in the Laboratory
Culturing Viruses in Mature Organisms.
Note continued: Culturing Viruses in Embryonated Chicken Eggs
Culturing Viruses in Cell (Tissue) Culture
Are Viruses Alive?
Other Parasitic Particles: Viroids and Prions
Characteristics of Viroids
Characteristics of Prions
Micro Matters
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
14. Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology
Symbiotic Relationships Between Microbes and Their Hosts
Types of Symbiosis
Microbiome of Humans
How Normal Microbiota Become Opportunistic Pathogens
Reservoirs of Infectious Diseases of Humans
Animal Reservoirs
Human Carriers
Nonliving Reservoirs
Invasion and Establishment of Microbes in Hosts: Infection
Exposure to Microbes: Contamination and Infection
Portals of Entry
Role of Adhesion in Infection
Nature of Infectious Disease
Manifestations of Disease: Symptoms, Signs, and Syndromes
Causation of Disease: Etiology
Virulence Factors of Infectious Agents
Stages of Infectious Diseases
Movement of Pathogens out of Hosts: Portals of Exit
Modes of Infectious Disease Transmission
Contact Transmission
Vehicle Transmission
Vector Transmission
Classification of Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases
Frequency of Disease
Epidemiological Studies
Hospital Epidemiology: Healthcare-Associated (Nosocomial) Infections
Epidemiology and Public Health
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
15. Innate Immunity
Overview of the Body's Defenses
Body's First Line of Defense
Role of Skin in Innate Immunity
Role of Mucous Membranes in Innate Immunity
Role of the Lacrimal Apparatus in Innate Immunity
Role of the Microbiome in Innate Immunity
Other First-Line Defenses
Body's Second Line of Defense
Defense Components of Blood
Phagocytosis
Nonphagocytic Killing
Nonspecific Chemical Defenses Against Pathogens
Inflammation
Fever
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
16. Adaptive Immunity
Overview of Adaptive Immunity
Elements of Adaptive Immunity
Tissues and Organs of the Lymphatic System
Antigens
Preparation for an Adaptive Immune Response
B Lymphocytes (B Cells) and Antibodies
Immune Response Cytokines
Cell-Mediated Immune Responses
Activation of Cytotoxic T Cell Clones and Their Functions
Perforin-Granzyme Cytotoxic Pathway
CD95 Cytotoxic Pathway
Memory T Cells
T Cell Regulation
Antibody Immune Responses
Inducement of T-Dependent Antibody Immunity with Clonal Selection
Memory Cells and the Establishment of Immunological Memory
Types of Acquired Immunity
Naturally Acquired Active Immunity
Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
Artificially Acquired Active Immunity
Artificially Acquired Passive Immunotherapy
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
17. Immunization and Immune Testing
Immunization
Brief History of Immunization
Active Immunization
Passive Immunotherapy
Serological Tests That Use Antigens and Corresponding Antibodies
Precipitation Tests
Turbidimetric and Nephelometric Tests
Agglutination Tests
Neutralization Tests
Complement Fixation Test
Labeled Antibody Tests
Point-of-Care Testing
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
18. Immune Disorders
Hypersensitivities
Type I (Immediate) Hypersensitivity
Type II (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity
Type III (Immune Complex-Mediated) Hypersensitivity
Type IV (Delayed or Cell-Mediated) Hypersensitivity
Autoimmune Diseases
Causes of Autoimmune Diseases
Examples of Autoimmune Diseases
Immunodeficiency Diseases
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Acquired Immunodeficiency Diseases
Micro Matters
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
19. Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds
Structure of the Skin
Microbiome of the Skin
Bacterial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds
Folliculitis
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
Impetigo (Pyoderma) and Erysipelas
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Acne
Cat Scratch Disease
Pseudomonas Infection
Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis
Cutaneous Anthrax
Gas Gangrene
Viral Diseases of the Skin and Wounds
Diseases of Poxviruses
Herpes Infections
Warts
Chickenpox and Shingles
Rubella
Measles (Rubeola)
Other Viral Rashes
Mycoses of the Hair, Nails, and Skin
Superficial Mycoses
Cutaneous Mycoses
Wound Mycoses
Parasitic Infestations of the Skin
Leishmaniasis
Scabies
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
20. Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes
Structure of the Nervous System
Structures of the Central Nervous System
Structures of the Peripheral Nervous System
Cells of the Nervous System
Portals of Infection of the Central Nervous System
Bacterial Diseases of the Nervous System
Bacterial Meningitis
Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)
Botulism
Tetanus
Viral Diseases of the Nervous System
Viral Meningitis
Poliomyelitis
Rabies
Arboviral Encephalitis
Mycosis of the Nervous System
Cryptococcal Meningitis
Protozoan Diseases of the Nervous System
African Trypanosomiasis
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalopathy
Prion Disease
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)
Microbial Diseases of the Eyes
Structure of the Eye
Trachoma
Other Microbial Diseases of the Eyes
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
21. Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
Structures of the Cardiovascular System
Structure of the Heart
Movement of Blood and Lymph
Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
Septicemia, Bacteremia, and Toxemia
Endocarditis
Brucellosis
Tularemia
Plague
Lyme Disease
Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
Yellow Fever
Infectious Mononucleosis
Cytomegalovirus Disease
Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
African Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
Malaria
Toxoplasmosis
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' Disease)
Schistosomiasis
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
22. Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System
Structures of the Respiratory System
Structures of the Upper Respiratory System, Sinuses, and Ears
Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Microbiome of the Respiratory System
Bacterial Diseases of the Upper Respiratory System, Sinuses, and Ears
Streptococcal Respiratory Diseases
Diphtheria
Rhinosinusitis and Otitis Media
Viral Diseases of the Upper Respiratory System
Common Cold
Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System
Bacterial Pneumonias
Legionnaires' Disease
Tuberculosis
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Inhalational Anthrax
Viral Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System
Influenza
Coronavirus Respiratory Syndromes
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection
Pathogenesis
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
Other Viral Respiratory Diseases
Mycoses of the Lower Respiratory System
Coccidioidomycosis
Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
23. Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System
Structures of the Digestive System
Gastrointestinal Tract
Accessory Digestive Organs
Microbiome of the Digestive System
Bacterial Diseases of the Digestive System
Dental Caries, Gingivitis, and Periodontal Disease
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Bacterial Gastroenteritis
Bacterial Food Poisoning (Intoxication)
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Viral Diseases of the Digestive System
Oral Herpes
Mumps
Viral Gastroenteritis
Viral Hepatitis
Protozoan Diseases of the Intestinal Tract
Giardiasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Amebiasis
Helminthic Infestations of the Intestinal Tract
Tapeworm Infestations
Pinworm Infestations
Anisakiasis
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
24. Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems
Structures of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems
Structures of the Urinary System
Structures of the Reproductive Systems
Microbiome of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems
Bacterial Diseases of the Urinary System
Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections
Leptospirosis
Streptococcal Acute Glomerulonephritis
Nonvenereal Diseases of the Reproductive Systems
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
Bacterial Vaginosis
Vaginal Candidiasis
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Diseases (STDs)
Bacterial STDs
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Chlamydial Infections
Viral STDs
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts
Protozoan STDs
Trichomoniasis
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking.
Note continued: Concept Mapping
25. Applied and Industrial Microbiology
Food Microbiology
Roles of Microorganisms in Food Production
Causes and Prevention of Food Spoilage
Foodborne Illnesses
Industrial Microbiology
Roles of Microbes in Industrial Fermentations
Industrial Products of Microorganisms
Water Treatment
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
26. Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes
Environmental Microbiology
Microbial Ecology
Bioremediation
Problem of Acid Mine Drainage
Roles of Microorganisms in Biogeochemical Cycles
Soil Microbiology
Aquatic Microbiology
Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism
Assessing Microorganisms as Potential Agents of Warfare or Terror
Known Microbial Threats
Defense Against Bioterrorism
Roles of Recombinant Genetic Technology in Bioterrorism
Chapter Summary
Questions For Review
Critical Thinking.