Guidelines for Cloud Seeding to Augment Precipitation.
MOP 81 provides practical details of using the cloud seeding technology to increase available water supply.
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Reston :
American Society of Civil Engineers,
2016.
|
| Edition: | 3rd ed. |
| Series: | ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice.
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to the full text of this electronic book |
Table of Contents:
- Preface ; Dedication ; Chapter 1: Introduction and Brief Summary; 1.1 Why Seed Clouds?; 1.2 Approaches and Restrictions to Seeding Clouds; 1.3 Scientific Basis for Cloud Seeding; 1.4 The Conduct of Cloud Seeding Operations; 1.5 How to Initiate a Cloud Seeding Project; 1.6 Conclusions; 1.7 References ; Chapter 2: Societal, Environmental, and Economic Aspects; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Societal Aspects; 2.2.1 Studies; 2.2.2 The Diffusion of Innovations and Cloud Seeding; 2.2.3 Assessing Public Attitudes; 2.2.4 Assessing Community Dynamics; 2.2.5 Decision Processes.
- 2.2.6 Public Participation Procedures2.3 Environmental Aspects; 2.3.1 Historical Perspective; 2.3.2 The Concept of Cumulative Effects; 2.3.3 Case Study-The Sierra Ecology Project; 2.3.4 Case Study-Environmental Impact Statement for a Prototype Project; 2.4 Economic Aspects; 2.4.1 Deciding the Goal and Scale of Economic Analysis; 2.4.2 Economic Aspects of Summer Cloud Seeding; 2.4.3 Economic Aspects of Winter Cloud Seeding; 2.5 Conclusions; 2.6 References; Chapter 3: Legal Aspects of Weather Modification Operations; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Preoperational Planning.
- 3.2.1 Role of Regulatory Entities in States3.2.2 Weather Modification Licenses; 3.2.3 Weather Modification Permits; 3.2.4 Impacts of Environmental Laws and Rules; 3.2.5 Contractual Agreements among Sponsors and Operators; 3.3 Conducting Operations; 3.3.1 Operational Control; 3.3.2 Archival of Data and Information; 3.3.3 Reporting Procedures; 3.4 Evaluating Operations; 3.4.1 Legal Liabilities for Sponsors and Operators; 3.4.2 Water Rights; 3.5 Conclusions; 3 .6 References; Chapter 4: The Scientific Basis; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Natural Production of Precipitation.
- 4.2.1 Formation of Cloud Condensate4.2.2 Cloud Initiation and Colloidal Stability; 4.2.3 Initiation and Evolution of Precipitation; 4.3 Cloud Seeding to Augment Rainfall; 4.3.1 Seeding to Enhance the Warm Cloud Process (Hygroscopic Seeding); 4.3.2 Seeding to Enhance the Cold Cloud Process (Glaciogenic Seeding); 4.3.3 Seeding to Enhance Development of Individual Convective Clouds; 4.3.4 Expansion of Glaciogenic Seeding Concepts to Mesoscale Systems; 4.4 The Natural Production of Snowfall; 4.4.1 Formation of Cloud Condensate.
- 4.4.2 Cloud Initiation, Colloidal Stability, and Evolution of Precipitation4.5 Cloud Seeding to Augment Snowfall; 4.5.1 Snow Augmentation Methods; 4.5.2 Expansion of Snow Augmentation Concepts to Larger Scales; 4.6 Technological Advances; 4.7 Conclusions; 4.8 References; Chapter 5: Cloud Seeding Modes, Instrumentation, and Status of Precipitation Enhancement Technology; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Cloud Seeding Modes; 5.2.1 Cloud Seeding Agents; 5.2.2 Delivery Systems; 5.2.3 Deployment of Cloud Seeding Systems; 5.3 Instrumentation and Atmospheric Models.
- 5.3.1 Real-Time Decision-Making and Monitoring Tools.