http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Water treatment for purification from cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins
"Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria that are found naturally in lakes, ponds, wastewater treatment plants, and other surface waters. Blooms of cyanobacteria can introduce undesirable taste and odour compounds in water resources, but more importantly, toxigenic cyanobacteria produce a wide range of secondary metabolites known as cyanotoxins which can have serious adverse health effects on humans and animals exposed to them. Toxigenic cyanobacteria are one of the main health risks associated with water resources and consequently the analysis, control and removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from water supplies is a priority research area."--
List of Contributors xi Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix 1 Introduction to Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins 1; Armah A. de la Cruz, Neill Chernoff, James L. Sinclair, Donna Hill, Deacqunita L. Diggs, and Arthur T.
And Unknown Toxins 13 1.4 Current Guidelines for Cyanotoxins 14 1.4.1 WHO Microcystin-LR Provisional Drinking Water Guideline Value 14 1.4.2 National Cyanotoxin Drinking Water Regulations or Guideline Values 15 1.4.3 National Regulation of Unspecified Harmful Substances 17 1.4.4 Non-national Cyanotoxin Drinking Water Guideline Values 17 1.4.5 United States Cyanotoxin Drinking Water Guideline Values 17 1.5 Taste and Odor Compounds Related to Cyanobacteria 18 1.6 Management Strategies of Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxins, and Related Compounds in Water Treatments 19 References 21 2 Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxins, and Human Health 37; Geoffrey A.
Incidents in Contributing to Cyanobacterial and Cyanotoxin Risk Management Policies 58 2.7 Importance of Contingency Plans and Outreach Activities 58 References 59 3 Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins by Conventional Physical-chemical Treatment 69; Margarida Ribau Teixeira, Maria João Rosa, Sabrina Sorlini, Michela Biasibetti, Christophoros Christophoridis,
And Christine Edwards 3.1 Introduction 69 3.2 Chemical Treatment 71 3.2.1 Copper-based Algicides 71 3.2.2 Other Metal-based Algicides 72 3.2.3 Photosensitizers 72 3.2.4 Herbicides 74 3.2.5 Algicides Derived from Natural Compounds 75 3.3 Coagulation and Flocculation 75 3.4 Dissolved Air Flotation 76 3.5 Rapid Sand/Gravity Filtration 80 3.6 Slow Sand Filtration 81 3.7 Bank Filtration 83 3.8 Activated Carbon Adsorption 85 3.8.1 General 85 3.8.2 GAC/BAC Filtration 85 3.8.3 PAC Adsorption 86 3.8.4 Case Study 87 3.9 Conclusions 88 References 89 4 Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins by Membrane Processes 99; Mike B. Dixon, Lionel Ho, and Maria G.
Antoniou 4.1 Introduction 99 4.2 Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration 100 4.3 Nanofiltration 101 4.4 Nanofiltration for the Combined Removal of Various Cyanobacterial Metabolites 102 4.4.1 Membrane Fouling 103 4.4.2 Removal of MIB and GSM 105 4.4.3 Cylindrospermopsin Removal 106 4.4.4 Microcystin Removal 107 4.5 Reverse Osmosis 108 4.6 Integrated Studies: Ultrafiltration Combined with PAC and Coagulants 108 4.6.1 Ultrafiltration -- Integrated Membrane System Test 108 4.6.2 Effect of Cyanobacterial Species and Coagulant Type on Membrane Flux 109 4.6.3 Removal of Cyanobacterial Cells and Metabolites with Membranes and Coagulants 109 4.6.4 Summary of Results 112 Acknowledgement 114 References 114 5 Biological Treatment for the Destruction of Cyanotoxins 117; Dariusz Dziga, Sonja Nybom, Ilona Gagala,
Enzymatic and Genetic Aspects of Biodegradation 140 5.6 Microbial Water Treatment -- Application and Case Studies 142 5.6.1 Real-life Application of MC-degrading Bacteria 142 5.6.2 Potential of Existing Water Treatment Infrastructure for MC-removal 144 5.7 Conclusions 145 Acknowledgements 145 References 146 6 Conventional Disinfection and/or Oxidation Processes for the Destruction of Cyanotoxins/Cyanobacteria 155; Sylvain Merel, Shuwen Yan,
And Weihua Song 6.1 Reaction of Chlorine and its Derivatives with Cyanotoxins 155 6.1.1 Microcystins and Nodularins 156 6.1.2 Cylindrospermopsin 159 6.1.3 Anatoxin-a 160 6.1.4 Saxitoxins 160 6.1.5 Other Cyanotoxins 161 6.1.6 Summary 162 6.2 Reaction of Ozone with Cyanotoxins 162 6.2.1 Microcystins 162 6.2.2 Nodularins 163 6.2.3 Cylindrospermopsin 163 6.2.4 Anatoxin-a 165 6.2.5 Saxitoxins 165 6.2.6 Summary 165 6.3 Reaction of Permanganate (KMnO4) with Cyanotoxins 166 6.3.1 Microcystins 166 6.3.2 Cylindrospermopsin 167 6.3.3 Anatoxin-a 167 6.3.4 Saxitoxins 167 6.3.5 Summary 167 References 167 7 Advanced Oxidation Processes 173; Geshan Zhang, Xuexiang He, Xiaodi Duan, Ying Huang, Changseok Han, Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda, Kevin O'Shea, Duk Kyung Kim, Virender K.
edited by Anastasia E. Hiskia, Theodoros Triantis, Maria Antoniou, Triantafyllos Kaloudis, Dionysios D Dionysiou.
Includes bibliographical references and index.