http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
technologies, challenges, and future prospects
Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospectsprovides in-depth information on fundamentals, approaches, technologies, source materials and associated socio-economic and political impacts of biodiesel production.
Intro; Contents; Preface; Contributing Authors; About the Editors; Chapter 1: Biodiesel Basics; 1.1 Biodiesel History; 1.2 Properties of Biodiesel; 1.2.1 Chemical Composition; 1.2.2 Cetane Number; 1.2.3 Oxidative Stability; 1.2.4 Heat of Combustion; 1.2.5 Density of Biodiesel; 1.2.6 Viscosity of Biodiesel; 1.2.7 Cold Flow Properties; 1.2.8 Iodine Value; 1.3 Biodiesel Standards; 1.4 Biodiesel versus Other Biorefinery Products; 1.5 Biodiesel Blending, Storage, and Transport; 1.5.1 Biodiesel Blending; 1.5.2 Storage and Transport
1.6 Performance of Biodiesel as a Fuel and Demonstration of its UsageReferences; Chapter 2: Biodiesel: Variations, Properties, and Comparison with Diesel; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Variations in Biodiesel; 2.3 Physicochemical Aspects; 2.4 Contaminants in Biodiesel; 2.5 Particulate Emissions; 2.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Biodiesel Production by Transesterification; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Transesterification of Oil/Fat to Biodiesel; 3.2.1 Catalyst Impact; 3.2.2 Effect of Alcohol Type; 3.2.3 Effect of Oil Type; 3.2.4 Alcohol-to-Oil Ratio; 3.2.5 Assisted Transesterification
3.3 Transesterification of Oil-Bearing Substances to Biodiesel3.4 Biodiesel Production; 3.5 Summary; 3.6 Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 4: Enzyme-Catalyzed Transesterification for Biodiesel Production; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Feedstocks and General Methods for Biodiesel Production; 4.2.1 Potential Feedstocks; 4.2.2 Overview of Transesterification Methods; 4.3 Enzyme-Catalyzed Transesterification for Biodiesel Production; 4.3.1 Sources of Lipases; 4.3.2 Lipase Enzyme Production; 4.3.3 Reaction Mechanism of Lipase-Assisted Transesterification; 4.3.4 Extracellular Lipases
4.3.5 Intracellular Lipases and Whole-Cell Immobilization4.3.6 Parameters Affecting Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterifications; 4.3.7 Immobilization of Lipases for Transesterification; 4.3.8 Reactors for Immobilized Lipase-Based Transesterification; 4.4 Cost Analysis of Immobilized Lipase-Based Transesterification; 4.5 Summary; References; Chapter 5: Plant Oil to Biodiesel; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production; 5.2.1 Commonly Used Edible Oils; 5.2.2 Commonly Used Nonedible Oils; 5.3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Plant Oils; 5.4 Transesterification Processes of Plant Oils
5.4.1 Homogeneously Catalyzed Transesterification Process5.4.2 Heterogeneously Catalyzed Transesterification Process; 5.4.3 Enzyme-Catalyzed Transesterification Process; 5.4.4 Supercritical Transesterification Process; 5.5 Challenges in Biodiesel Production from Plant Oils; 5.6 Future Work and Prospects; 5.7 Summary; References; Chapter 6: Animal Fat Biodiesel; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Sources of Animal Fats for Biodiesel Production; 6.2.1 Edible and Inedible Tallow Products; 6.2.2 Lard Products; 6.2.3 Poultry Fat; 6.2.4 Fish Waste; 6.3 Comparative Studies of Free Fatty Acids
sponsored by Biodiesel production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects Task Committee of the Technical Committee on Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Engineering of the Environmental Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers ; edited by R.D. Tyagi, Rao Y. Surampalli, Tian C. Zhang, Song Yan, Xiaolei Zhang.