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Industrial chemistry of oxides for emerging applications
Valuable insights into the extraction, production, and properties of a large number of natural and synthetic oxides utilized in applications worldwide from ceramics, electronic components, and coatings This handbook describes each of the major oxides chronologically'starting from the processes of extraction of ores containing oxides, their purification and transformations into pure alloyed powders, and their appropriate characterization up to the processes of formation of 2D films by such methods as PVD, CVD, and coatings by thermal spraying or complicated 3D objects by sintering and rapid prototyping. The selection of oxides has been guided by the current context of industrial applications. An important point that is considered in the book concerns the strategic aspects of oxides. Some oxides (e.g. rare earth ones) become more expensive due to the growing demand for them, others, because of the strategic importance of countries producing raw materials and the countries that are using them. Industrial Chemistry of Oxides for Emerging Applications provides readers with everything they need to know in 7 chapters that cover: technical and economical importance of oxides in present and future; fundamentals of oxides manufacturing; extraction, properties, and applications of Al2O3; extraction, properties, and applications of ZrO2; synthesis, properties, and applications of YBaCu2O7x; extraction, properties, and applications of TiO2; and synthesis, properties, and application of hydroxyapatite.' -Presents the extraction, production, and properties of a large fraction of oxides applications worldwide, both natural as well as synthetic multi-oxides -Covers a very important segment of many industrial processes, such as refractories and piezoelectric oxides'both applications constituting very large market segments -Developed from a lecture course given by the authors for over a decade Industrial Chemistry of Oxides for Emerging Applications is an excellent text for university professors and teachers, and graduate and postgraduate students with a solid background in physics and chemistry.
Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations and Symbols; Chapter 1 Technical and Economic Importance of Oxides; 1.1 Industrial Sectors in Development; 1.1.1 Mechanical Applications of Oxides; 1.1.1.1 Al2O3; 1.1.1.2 ZrO2; 1.1.2 Application of Oxides in Electrical and Electronic Engineering; 1.1.3 Oxides for Highâ#x80;#x90;temperature Applications; 1.1.4 Biomedical Applications of Oxides; 1.2 Reserves, Availability and Economic Aspects of Oxides and their Ores; 1.2.1 Al2O3; 1.2.2 ZrO2; 1.2.3 TiO2; 1.2.4 Rare Earth Oxides: Y2O3 and CeO2; 1.2.5 BaO; 1.2.6 Cu2O.
1.2.7 CaO1.2.8 P2O5; References; Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Oxide Manufacturing; 2.1 Introduction; 2.1.1 Principal Manufacturing Processes; 2.1.2 Oxide Powders; 2.1.3 Major Phenomena in Manufacturing; 2.2 Fundamentals of Selected Processes Related to Oxide Manufacturing; 2.2.1 Introduction; 2.2.2 Fundamentals of Reactions in Gaseous Phase; 2.2.2.1 Types of Reaction; 2.2.2.2 Thermodynamic Calculations; 2.2.2.3 Gas in Motion; 2.2.2.4 Thermodynamics of Condensation; 2.2.3 Fundamental Phenomena in Solutions; 2.2.3.1 Introduction; 2.2.3.2 Diffusion; 2.2.3.3 Brownian Motion and Stokes' Law.
2.2.4 Fundamental Phenomena in Suspensions2.2.4.1 Introduction; 2.2.4.2 Forces and Energies in Suspension; 2.2.4.3 Characterization of Suspensions; 2.2.4.4 Gelation; 2.2.5 Characterization of Powders; 2.2.5.1 Size and Shape; 2.2.5.2 Chemical and Phase Composition; 2.2.5.3 External and Internal Morphology; 2.2.5.4 Apparent Density and Flowability; Questions; 2.3 Selected Oxide Powder Production Methods; 2.3.1 Introduction; 2.3.2 Granulation of Powders; 2.3.2.1 Direct Granulation; 2.3.2.2 Spray Drying; 2.3.3 Highâ#x80;#x90;temperature Synthesis of Powders; 2.3.3.1 Sintering and Melting.
2.3.3.2 Selfâ#x80;#x90;propagating Highâ#x80;#x90;temperature Synthesis2.3.3.3 Mechanofusion; 2.3.4 Synthesis of Powders from Solutions; 2.3.4.1 Solâ#x80;#x93;Gel; 2.3.4.2 Synthesis by Reaction of Liquids (Wet Precipitation); 2.3.5 Powder Synthesis by CVD; Questions; 2.4 Manufacturing Objects in 2D: Films and Coatings; 2.4.1 Introduction; 2.4.2 Chemical Methods of Thin Film Deposition; 2.4.2.1 Solâ#x80;#x93;Gel; 2.4.2.2 Electrolytic Anodization; 2.4.3 Physical Methods of Thin Film Deposition; 2.4.3.1 CVD Methods; 2.4.3.2 PVD Methods; 2.4.4 Methods of Coating Deposition; 2.4.4.1 Thermal Spraying.
2.4.4.2 Bulk Coatings MethodsQuestions; 2.5 Manufacturing Objects in 3D; 2.5.1 Introduction; 2.5.2 Forming; 2.5.3 Sintering; 2.5.4 Rapid Prototyping; Questions; References; Chapter 3 Extraction, Properties and Applications of Alumina; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Reserves of Bauxite and Mining; 3.3 Methods of Obtaining Alumina; 3.3.1 Bayer Process; 3.3.1.1 Chemical Backgrounds; 3.3.1.2 Technology of the Bayer Process; 3.3.1.3 Waste Management; 3.3.2 Pure Alumina Powder Synthesis; 3.3.3 Alumina Recovery from Coal Ashes; 3.3.3.1 Sintering Process; 3.3.3.2 Leaching Process; 3.4 Properties of Alumina.
Includes bibliographical references and index.