http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Fabrication of metallic pressure vessels
1 online resource () : illustrations (some color).
Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2. Fabrication Sequence 1.3 Cost Considerations 1.3.1 Types of costs 1.3.2 Design choices 1.3.3 Shipping 1.3.4 General approach to cost control 1.4 Fabrication of Non-nuclear Versus Nuclear Pressure Vessels 1.5 Units and Abbreviations 1.6 Summary 2. Materials of Construction 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Ferrous Alloys 2.2.1 Carbon steels (Mild steels) 2.2.2 Low alloy steels (Cr-Mo steels) 2.2.3 High alloy steel (stainless steels) 2.2.4 Cost of Ferrous alloys 2.3 Nonferrous Alloys 2.3.1 Aluminum alloys 2.3.2 Copper alloys 2.3.3 Nickel alloys 2.3.4 Titanium alloys 2.3.5 Zirconium alloys 2.3.6 Tantalum alloys 2.3.7 Price of nonferrous alloys 2.4 Density of Some Ferrous and Nonferrous Alloys 2.5 Nonmetallic Vessels 2.6 Forms and Documentation 2.7 Miscellaneous Materials 2.7.1 Cast iron 2.7.2 Gaskets 2.8 References 3. Layout 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Applications 3.3 Tools and Their Use 3.4 Layout Basics 3.4.1 Projection 3.4.2 Triangulation 3.5 Material Thickness and Bending Allowance 3.6 Angles and Channels 3.7 Marking Conventions 3.8 Future of Plate Layout 3.9 References: 4. Material Forming 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Bending versus three-dimensional forming 4.1.2 Other issues 4.1.3 Plastic Theory 4.1.4 Forming limits 4.1.5 Grain direction 4.1.6 Cold versus hot forming 4.1.7 Spring back 4.2 Brake Forming (Angles, Bump-Forming) 4.2.1 Types of dies 4.2.2 Brake work forming limits 4.2.3 Crimping 4.2.4 Bending of pipes and tubes 4.2.5 Brake forming loads 4.3 Roll Forming (Shells, Reinforcing Pads, Pipe/Tube) 4.3.1 Pyramid rolls 4.3.2 Pinch rolls 4.3.3 Two roll systems 4.3.4 Rolling radius variability compensation 4.3.5 Heads and caps 4.3.6 Hot forming 4.4 Tolerances 4.4.1 Brake forming tolerances 4.4.2 Roll forming tolerances 4.4.3 Press forming tolerances 4.4.4 Flanging tolerances 5. Fabrication 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Layout 5.3 Weld Preparation 5.3.1 Hand and automatic grinders 5.3.2 Nibblers 5.3.3 Flame cutting 5.3.4 Boring Mills 5.3.5 Lathes 5.3.6 Routers 5.3.7 Other cutter arrangements 5.4 Forming 5.5 Vessel Fit up and Assembly 5.5.1 The fitter 5.5.2 Fit up tools 5.5.3 Persuasion and other fit up techniques 5.5.4 Fixturing 5.5.5 Welding fit up 5.5.6 Weld shrinkage 5.5.7 Order of assembly 5.6 Welding 5.6.1 Welding position 5.6.2 Welding residual stresses 5.6.3 Welding positioners, turning rolls, column and boom weld manipulators 5.7 Correction of Distortion 5.8 Heat Treatment 5.8.1 Welding preheat 5.8.2 Interpass temperature 5.8.3 Post weld heat treatment 5.9 Post-fabrication Machining 5.10 Field Fabrication -- Special Issues 5.10.1 Exposure to the elements 5.10.2 Staging area 5.10.3 Tool and equipment availability 5.10.4 Staffing 5.10.5 Material handling 5.10.6 Energy sources 5.10.7 PWHT 5.10.8 Layout 5.10.9 Fit up 5.10.10 Welding 5.11 Machining 5.12 Cold Springing 6. Cutting and Machining 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Common Cutting Operations for Pressure Vessels 6.3 Cutting Processes 6.3.1 Plate cutting 6.3.2 Pipe, bar, and structural shape cutting 6.4 Common Machining Functions and Processes 6.5 Common Machining Functions for Pressure Vessels 6.5.1 Weld preparation 6.5.2 Machining of flanges 6.5.3 Tubesheets 6.5.4 Heat exchanger channels 6.5.5 Heat exchanger baffles 6.6 Set Up Issues 6.7 Material Removal Rates 6.7.1 Feed 6.7.2 Speed 6.7.3 Depth of cut 6.8 Milling 6.9 Turning and Boring 6.10 Machining Centers 6.11 Drilling 6.12 Tapping 6.13 Water Jet Cutting 6.14 Laser Machining 6.15 Reaming 6.16 Electrical Discharge Machining, Plunge and Wire 6.17 Electrochemical Machining 6.18 Electron Beam Machining 6.19 Photochemical Machining 6.20 Ultrasonic Machining 6.21 Planing and Shaping 6.22 Broaching 6.23 3D Printing 6.24 Summary 6.25 References 7. Welding 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Weld Details and Symbols 7.2.1 Single fillet weld 7.2.2 Double fillet welds 7.2.3 Intermittent fillet welds 7.2.4 Single bevel butt welds 7.2.5 Double bevel butt welds 7.2.6 J-groove or double J-groove welds 7.2.7 Backing strips 7.2.8 Consumables 7.2.9 Tube to tubesheet welds 7.2.10 Weld symbols 7.3 Weld Processes 7.3.1 Diffusion welding 7.3.2 Electron beam welding 7.3.3 Electrogas welding 7.3.4 Electroslag welding 7.3.5 Flux-cored arc welding 7.3.6 Flash welding 7.3.7 Friction stir welding 7.3.8 Gas metal-arc welding 7.3.9 Gas tungsten-arc welding 7.3.10 Laser beam welding 7.3.11 Orbital welding 7.3.12 Oxyfuel gas welding 7.3.13 Plasma-arc welding 7.3.14 Resistance spot welding 7.3.15 Resistance seam welding 7.3.16 Submerged-arc welding 7.3.17 Shielded metal-arc welding 7.3.18 Stud welding 7.4 Weld Pre-heat and Interpass Temperature 7.5 Post Weld Heat Treating 7.6 Welding Procedures 7.7 Control of Residual Stress and Distortion 7.8 Material Handling to Facilitate Welding 7.9 Weld Repair 7.10 Brazing 7.10.1 Applications 7.10.2 Filler metal 7.10.3 Heating 7.10.4 Flux 7.10.5 Brazing Procedures 7.11 References 8. Welding Procedures and Post Weld Heat Treatment 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Weld Symbols and Details 8.3 Common Weld Joint Configurations 8.4 Welding Procedures 8.5 Weld Preparation Special Requirements 8.6 Weld Joint Design and Process to Reduce Stress and Distortion 8.6.1 Reduced heat input 8.6.2 Lower temperature differential 8.6.3 Choice of weld process 8.6.4 Weld configuration and sequencing 8.7 Weld Pre-Heat and Interpass Temperature 8.8 Welder Versus Welding Operator 8.8.1 Welders 8.8.2 Welding operators 8.8.3 Differences in qualifications 8.9 Weld Repair 8.9.1 Slag inclusion during welding 8.9.2 Surface indications after cooling of welds 8.9.3 Delayed hydrogen cracking after welding 8.9.4 Cracks occurring subsequent to PWHT 8.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2021