Table of Contents:
  • Learning and labor, 1830s-1870
  • Gymnastics, 1871-1895
  • New physical education, 1896-1925
  • Sports as a cultural phenomenon, 1926-1950
  • Athletics as competition, 1951-1974
  • Title IX, inclusion of women, and sports as entertainment, 1972-1990
  • Worldwide sports and winning dominates, 1991-2010
  • The present and future directions, 2011-2021 and beyond
  • Appendix A1. Timeline for pertinent national and international events
  • Appendix A2: Timeline for physical education and athletics at Oberlin College
  • Appendix B. Administrators for physical education and athletics.