Epidemiology : beyond the basics /
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Sudbury, Mass. :
Jones and Bartlett,
[2004]
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Table of Contents:
- Basic study designs in analytical epidemiology
- Introduction : descriptive and analytical epidemiology
- Analysis of age, birth cohort, and period effects
- Ecologic studies
- Studies based on individuals as observation units
- Measuring disease occurrence
- Introduction : basic elements of epidemiologic inference; defining and counting disease outcomes
- Measures of incidence
- Measures of prevalence
- Odds
- Measuring associations between exposures and outcomes
- Introduction
- Measuring associations in a cohort study
- Cross-sectional studies : point prevalence rate ratio
- Measuring associations in case-control studies
- Assessing the strength of associations
- Threats to validity and issues of interpretation
- Understanding lack of validity : bias overview
- Selection bias
- Information bias
- Combined selection/information biases
- Biases in reporting study results : publication bias
- Identifying noncausal associations : confounding
- Introduction
- The nature of the association between the confounder, the exposure, and the outcome
- Assessing the presence of confounding
- Additional issues related to confounding
- Conclusion
- Defining and assessing heterogeneity of effects : interaction
- Introduction
- How is effect measured?
- Strategies to evaluate interaction
- Assessment of interaction in case-control studies
- More on the interchangeability of the definitions of interaction
- Which is the relevant model : additive versus multiplicative interaction?
- The nature and reciprocity of interaction
- Interaction, confounding effect, and adjustment
- Statistical modeling and statistical tests for interaction
- Interpreting interaction
- Interaction and search for new risk factors in low-risk groups
- Interaction and "representativeness" of associations
- Dealing with threats to validity
- Stratification and adjustment : multivariate analysis in epidemiology
- Introduction
- Stratification and adjustment techniques to disentangle confounding
- Adjustment methods based on stratification
- Multiple regression techniques for adjustment
- Incomplete adjustment: residual confounding
- Overadjustment
- Conclusion
- Quality assurance and control
- Introduction
- Quality assurance
- Quality control
- Indices of validity and reliability
- Regression to the mean
- Issues of reporting
- Communicating results of epidemiologic studies
- Introduction
- What to report
- How to report
- Conclusion
- Appendix A: standard errors, confidence intervals and hypothesis testing for selected measures of risk and measures of association
- Appendix B: test for trend (dose response)
- Appendix C: test of homogeneity of stratified estimates (test for interaction)
- Appendix D: quality assurance and quality control procedures manual for blood pressure measurement and blood/urine collection in the ARIC study
- Appendix E: calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient.