The status of alternative methods in toxicology /

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Anderson, Diana
Other Authors: Russell, Tanya
Format: Book
Language:English
Published: Cambridge, UK : Royal Society of Chemistry, [1995]
Subjects:
Table of Contents:
  • Regulatory and market implications
  • International and national legislation
  • OECD
  • EU
  • USA
  • Social and economic background
  • Ethical issues
  • Data banks on alternatives to animal testing
  • Practical and financial considerations
  • Market size
  • State-of-the-Art
  • Genotoxicity/mutagenicity
  • Genotoxicity data bases
  • Methods in preparation
  • Cytotoxicity
  • Acute toxicity
  • Eye irritation
  • Cytotoxicity tests
  • Non-biological physico-chemical tests
  • Morphology-based assays.
  • Isolated enucleated eyes or eye parts
  • Human skin equivalent models
  • Validation studies
  • Quantitative structure-activity relationships
  • Skin irritation
  • Cytotoxicity tests
  • Non-biological physico-chemical tests
  • Skin slices
  • Skin organ culture
  • Quantitative structure-activity relationships
  • Phototoxicity and photoallergenicity
  • Target organ toxicity
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Lung toxicity
  • Intestinal toxicity
  • Cardiovascular toxicity.
  • Haemotoxicity
  • Target system toxicity
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Immunotoxicity
  • Reproductive toxicity
  • Effects on the male reproductive system
  • Effects on the female reproductive system
  • Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity
  • Mammalian test systems
  • Non-mammalian test systems
  • Quantitative structure-activity relationships
  • Dermal absorption
  • Structure-activity relationships
  • Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity
  • Acute toxicity
  • Skin and eye irritation
  • Sensitization
  • Target organ toxicity
  • Teratogenicity.
  • Validation of in vitro toxicity tests
  • Reliability
  • Validation
  • Classification, labelling, and risk assessment
  • Future needs
  • Concluding remarks.