Cover Image

Manual of equine reproduction /

Show other versions (6)
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Blanchard, Terry L.
Other Authors: Varner, Dickson D., Schumacher, J. (James)
Format: Book
Language:English
Published: St. Louis : Mosby, [1998]
Subjects:
Horses > physiology.
Breeding.
Reproduction.
Table of Contents:
  • Pt. 1. Reproductive anatomy of the mare
  • Ovaries
  • Oviducts
  • Uterus
  • Cervix
  • Vagina
  • Vestibule
  • Vulva
  • Examination of the reproductive tract in the mare per rectum
  • Mare restraint
  • Technique
  • Pt. 2. Reproductive physiology of the nonpregnant mare
  • The Estrous cycle
  • Staging the estrous cycle by examination
  • Seasonality
  • Operational breeding season
  • Pt. 3. Manipulation of estrus in the mare
  • Physiologic changes during transition from seasonal anestrus through onset of the breeding season artificial lighting.
  • Shortening the duration of the late transition period by administering progestogens
  • Hastening ovulation during the late transition period
  • Waiting to breed mares until regular estrous cycles occur
  • Induction of ovulation in cycling mares
  • Synchronization of estrus in the cycling mare
  • Hormone therapy to improve mare fertility early in the postpartum period
  • Pt. 4. Breeding soundness examination of the mare
  • History
  • General Physical examination
  • Reproductive examination
  • Restraint.
  • Examination of the external genitalia
  • Palpation per rectum
  • Vaginal speculum examination
  • Uterine (endometrial) culture
  • Uterine cytology
  • Endometrial biopsy
  • Other diagnostic aids
  • Written summary for client/owner
  • Pt 5. Transrectal ultrasonography in broodmare practice
  • Instrumentation
  • Procedural considerations
  • Examination of the ovaries
  • Evalution of the tubular tract
  • Diagnosis and evaluation of pregnancy by transrectal ultrasonographic examination
  • Diagnosis of pathologic conditions by transrectral ultrasonography.
  • Pt. 6. Uterine defense mechanisms in the mare
  • Immungologulins and uterine defense
  • Neutrophil function and uterine defense
  • Neutrophil migration in vivo
  • Neutrophil migration in vitro
  • Phagocytosis by neutrophils
  • Opsonins and uterine defense
  • Contribution of physical clearance to uterine defense
  • Other considerations regarding uterine defense
  • Antibiotic therapy
  • Uterine lavage
  • Oxytocin administration
  • Plasma infusions
  • Colostrum infusions
  • Streptococcus zooepidemicus filtrate infusion.
  • Uterine curettage
  • Hormonal therapy
  • Location of genital infections
  • Causes of genital infections
  • Predisposition to genital infections
  • Diagnosis of genital infections
  • External signs of infection
  • Findings on examination per rectum (palpation or ultrasound)
  • Findings on vaginal speculum examination
  • Endometrial (uterine) swabbing for culture
  • Endometrial cytology
  • Endometrial biopsy
  • Treatment of genital infections
  • Lavage of uterine lumen
  • Intrauterine infusion of antibiotic.
  • Intrauterine infusion of plasma
  • Uterine curettage
  • Immunonormalizers
  • Prevention of genital infection
  • Pt. 7. Pregnancy physiology and diagnosis
  • Early events of pregnancy
  • Endometrial cup formation
  • Development of supplementary corpora lutea
  • Progestin production by the fetoplacental unit
  • Behavioral assessment
  • Serum/mild progesterone assay
  • Vaginal speculum examination
  • Palpation of the reproductive tract per rectum
  • Dectection of early pregnancy at 18-20 days after ovulation
  • Detection of pregnancy at 25-30 days after ovulation.
  • Dectection of pregnancy at 35-40 days after ovulation
  • Detection of pregnancy at 45-50 days after ovulation
  • Detection of pregnancy at 60-65 days after ovulation
  • Detection of pregnancy 100-120 days after ovulation
  • Detection of pregnancy at 150-210 days after ovulation
  • Detection of pregnancy at 240 days of gestation to term
  • Detection of pregnancy by ultrasound examination
  • Equine chorionic gonadotropin (ECG, PMSG) detection
  • Estrogen detection in blood or urine
  • Pt. 8. Pregnancy loss
  • Maternal factors
  • External factors.
  • Embryonic factors
  • Diagnosis of abortions
  • History
  • Submitting specimens
  • Fetal serum
  • Noninfectious causes of abortion
  • Gestational abnormalities
  • Twinning
  • Body pregnancy
  • Premature placental separation
  • Uterine torsion
  • Hydrallantois
  • Ruptured prepubic tendon
  • Prolonged gstation
  • Pt. 9. Management of the pregnant mare
  • Length of gestation
  • Preventive health care
  • Equine herpesvirus abortion
  • Encephalomyelitis (sleeping sickness)
  • Tetanus (Clostridium tetani).
  • Monitoring and preparing the mare for parturition
  • Stages of parturition
  • Induced parturition
  • The Postpartum period
  • Breeding on the first postpartum estrus
  • Uterine involution
  • Examination of the postpartum mare
  • Pt. 10. Dystocia and postparturient disease
  • Obstetrical equipment and lubricant
  • Examination of the mare
  • Delivery by mutation and traction
  • Correction of malposture
  • Uterine torsion
  • Retained placenta
  • Uterine prolapse
  • Invagination of uterine horn
  • Uterine rupture
  • Internal hemorrhage.
  • Other postparturient hemorrhages
  • Pt. 11.Routine management of the neonatal foal
  • Evaluation of respiratory and cardiac function
  • Viability assessment and resuscitation procedure
  • Interpretation of clinical laboratory data
  • Care of the umbilical cord
  • Dam-foal interaction
  • Giving enemas
  • Antibiotic injections
  • Vitamin injections
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin E
  • Neonatal vaccination
  • Colostrum acquisition
  • Failure of passive antibody transfer
  • Physical examination
  • Pt. 12. Semen collection and artificial insemination.
  • Advantages and disadvantages
  • Semen collection
  • Semen colleciton techniques
  • Artificial vagina selection
  • Artificial vagina maintenance
  • Preparation of artificial vaginas for semen collection
  • Use of condoms for semen collection
  • Preparation of stallion mount
  • General semen-handling techniques
  • Insemination timing and frequency
  • Insemination dose (sperm number)
  • Insemination volume (IV)
  • Insemination procedure
  • General considerations
  • Pt. 13. Examination of the stallion for breeding soundness
  • Objective
  • History and identification.
  • General physical examination
  • Physical examination of reproductive tract
  • External genitalia
  • Internal genitalia
  • Observation of libido and mating ability
  • Examination for venereal disease
  • Bacterial genital infections
  • Viral genital infections
  • Protozoal genital infections
  • Collection of semen
  • Evaluation of semen
  • Gross evaluation of semen quality
  • Sperm concentration
  • Seminal pH
  • Spermatozoal motility
  • Spermatozoal morphology
  • Chemical analysis of seminal plasma
  • Transmission electron microscopic examination of spermatozoa
  • Urethral endoscopy
  • Ultrasonography.
  • Pt. 14. Semen preservation
  • Pt. 15. Surgery of the mare reproductive tract
  • Pt. 16. Surgery of the stallion reproductive tract
  • Pt. 17. An Overview of embryo transfer in horses.