Table of Contents:
  • Smallpox vaccination and demographic divergences in the nineteenth century
  • The external arena : local slavery and international trade
  • Saved from smallpox, but starving in the sugar cane fields : Java and the northwestern Philippines
  • The labor-scarce commodity frontiers, 1870s to 1942
  • The periphery revisited : commodity exports, food, and industry, 1870s-1942
  • Postcolonial continuities in plantations and migrations.