http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Cover -- Copyright -- Table of contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Advances in monitoring can help close the knowledge gap and support policy responses -- Moving towards proactive policy action to curb pharmaceutical pollution -- OECD Policy Recommendations on addressing pharmaceutical residues in freshwater -- Cross-cutting recommendations -- Source-directed recommendations. Pharmaceutical life cycle stages: design, marketing authorisation, manufacturing, post-authorisation
Use-orientated recommendations. Pharmaceutical life cycle stages: Prescription and use -- End-of-pipe recommendations. Pharmaceutical life cycle stages: collection and disposal, and wastewater treatment and reuse -- 1. Defining the challenge of managing pharmaceuticals in water -- 1.1. Key messages -- 1.2. Introduction -- 1.3. Origins, entry-pathways, sinks and concentration patterns of pharmaceuticals in the environment -- 1.4. Effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment on human and freshwater ecosystem health -- References -- Notes
2. Opportunities to build a policy-relevant knowledge base -- 2.1. Key messages -- 2.2. Environmental risk assessment and authorisation of pharmaceuticals -- 2.3. Existing frameworks for monitoring pharmaceuticals in water -- 2.4. Advances in water quality monitoring and potential benefits for risk assessments and water quality policy making -- 2.5. The added value of system modelling -- References -- Notes -- 3. Emerging policy instruments for the control of pharmaceuticals in water -- 3.1. Key messages -- 3.2. Introduction -- 3.3. Source-directed approaches -- 3.4. Use-orientated approaches
3.5. End-of-pipe measures -- References -- 4. Recommendations for the management of pharmaceuticals in freshwater -- 4.1. Key messages: A life cycle, multi-sector approach to managing pharmaceutical residues in freshwater -- 4.2. A policy toolbox for a life cycle, multi-sector approach -- 4.3. The interlinkages between freshwater, pharmaceutical, and human and animal health policies -- 4.4. A life cycle, multi-sector approach: Experience from selected OECD countries -- References -- Notes -- Glossary