Multimodal polymers with supported catalysts : design and production /
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| Other Authors: | , , |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cham :
Springer,
[2019]
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to the full text of this electronic book |
Table of Contents:
- Intro; Overview of Polyolefins
- Role of Polyolefins in Our Daily Lives; Contents; Chapter 1: Recent Developments in Supported Polyolefin Catalysts: A Review; 1.1 Overview; 1.1.1 Scope of the Chapter; 1.2 Ziegler Catalysts; 1.2.1 Ziegler/Natta Polypropylene Catalysis; TiCl3 Catalysts (First and Second Generation); Third Generation: ``Activated ́́MgCl2; Fourth Generation: Phthalate ID/Alkoxysilane ED; Fifth-Generation Catalysts: Diethers, Succinates, and Polyol Esters; Sixth-Generation Ziegler: Phthalate Replacement; Catalyst Morphology Control; External Donors
- 1.2.2 Ziegler Catalysts: PolyethyleneMgCl2-Titanium Catalysts on Silica; Spray-Dried MgCl2-Titanium Catalysts; MgCl2-Titanium Catalysts Based on Mg(OR)2; MgCl2-Titanium Catalysts Based on MgCl2 alcohol adducts; MgCl2-Titanium Catalysts Based on MgRCl; 1.3 Supported Molecular Catalysts; 1.3.1 Polypropylene Complex Development; 1.3.2 Polyethylene Complex Development; 1.3.3 Supported Activator Development; Silica-Supported Methylaluminoxane or Boron-Based Cocatalysts; Supported Methylaluminoxane System Free of a Support; Supported System Free of Methylaluminoxane
- 1.3.4 Supported Hybrid Catalyst for Multimodal PolyethyleneChallenges of Single Supported Systems; Challenges of Hybrid Supported Systems; Hybrid Systems; 1.4 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Support Designed for Polymerization Processes; 2.1 General Considerations; 2.2 MgCl2-Based Support; 2.2.1 MgCl2 Methods of Preparation; Emulsion; Spray Drying; Reactive Precipitation; 2.3 SiO2-Based Support; 2.3.1 Synthesis; Granular Silica Particles; Acidification-Polymerization; Gelation; Aging; Washing and Solvent Exchange; Drying; Spheroidal Silica Particles
- 2.3.2 Thermal Modification of the Silica Particle2.4 Influence of Support Design on the Fragmentation Process; 2.4.1 Polymer Particle Growth; 2.4.2 Physical Properties of the Support Particles; 2.4.3 Impact of Catalyst-Support System on the Polymerization Technology; 2.4.4 Kinetics; 2.5 Influence of Catalyst Support on Tailoring Polyolefin Grades; 2.5.1 Ziegler-Natta Catalyst; High Impact Polypropylene; Differences in Support Design for HDPE and LLDPE; 2.5.2 Chromium Catalyst; Influence of Catalyst Porosity and Surface Area; 2.5.3 Metallocenes; 2.6 Conclusion; References
- Chapter 3: Fragmentation, Particle Growth and Single Particle Modelling3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Particle Fragmentation and Growth; 3.2.1 The Fragmentation Step; 3.2.2 Particle Growth; 3.3 Single Particle Modeling; 3.3.1 The Multigrain and Polymer Flow Models; 3.3.2 Solving the PFM; Choice of Key Model Parameters and Boundary Conditions; Brief Overview of the Solution Methods; 3.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Polymerization Kinetics and the Effect of Reactor Residence Time on Polymer Microstructure; 4.1 Polyolefin Microstructure; 4.1.1 Molecular Weight Distribution