http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation of Civil Engineering Structures
Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction / Vincent Garnier -- 1.1. beginnings of NDE -- 1.2. Industrial development of NDE -- 1.2.1. Pressure equipment -- 1.2.2. Aviation -- 1.2.3. Wind energy sector -- 1.2.4. Ski lifts -- 1.2.5. In the absence of standards -- 1.3. Civil Engineering works -- 1.3.1. Historical context and challenges -- 1.3.2. Existing regulations -- 1.3.3. evolution of requirements in an increasingly significant socio-economic context -- 1.4. Coordination of the monitoring of Civil Engineering structures and the role played by NDE -- 1.5. Summary of the development of NDE -- 1.6. Contents of the book -- 1.7. Bibliography -- ch. 2 Ultrasonic Methods / Vincent Garnier -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Theoretical bases -- 2.2.1. Ultrasonic wave properties -- 2.2.2. Refraction and reflection -- 2.3. Description usual methods -- 2.3.1. Categories of techniques -- 2.3.2. Volume waves -- 2.3.3. Guided waves -- 2.3.4. Sensitivity of ultrasonic waves to concrete properties and characteristics -- 2.3.5. Conclusion -- 2.4. Innovative techniques -- 2.4.1. Objectives -- 2.4.2. Nonlinear elasticity -- 2.4.3. Diffusion -- 2.4.4. Non-coupled evaluation -- 2.4.5. Non-contact evaluation -- 2.4.6. Conclusions -- 2.5. Summary -- 2.6. Bibliography -- ch. 3 Electromagnetic Methods / Jean Dumoulin -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Theoretical bases -- 3.2.1. Electromagnetic properties and polarization processes -- 3.2.2. Electromagnetic wave propagation -- 3.2.3. Electromagnetic wave reflection at the interface of two media -- 3.3. Overview of usual electromagnetic methods -- 3.3.1. Radar technique -- 3.3.2. Capacitive technique -- 3.3.3. Additional measurement methods: measurement cells in TEM mode, co-axial sensors -- 3.3.4. Infrared thermography: overview of the physical principle, active and passive methods, and influential parameters -- 3.4. Usual and innovative applications -- 3.4.1. Usual GPR applications -- 3.4.2. Innovative GPR applications -- 3.4.3. Capacitive method: usual applications -- 3.4.4. Capacitive method: innovative applications for the characterization of a permittivity gradient -- 3.4.5. Infrared thermography (IRT): usual application -- 3.4.6. Innovative application of IRT: example of exploratory research on coupling using GPR -- 3.5. Summary -- 3.6. Bibliography -- ch. 4 Electrical Methods / Jean-Paul Balayssac -- 4.1. Theoretical bases -- 4.1.1. Electrical conduction in concrete -- 4.1.2. Influencing factors -- 4.1.3. Quality of measurements, uncertainties -- 4.2. Description of the different resistive methods of non-destructive evaluation -- 4.2.1. General principle -- 4.2.2. Laboratory resistivity measuring cell -- 4.2.3. Two-or four-electrode devices -- 4.2.4. Multi-electrode devices for electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) -- 4.2.5. Sealed devices in concrete -- 4.3. Usual applications and developments -- 4.3.1. Resistivity mapping -- 4.3.2. Deep gradient assessment -- 4.3.3. Classification of concretes according to their performance in durability or degree of degradation -- 4.3.4. Evaluation of the orientation of steel fibers in high-performance fiber reinforced concrete (BEFHUP) -- 4.3.5. Development paths -- 4.4. Conclusion -- 4.5. Bibliography -- ch. 5 Electrochemical Methods / Fabrice Deby -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. General principles on the corrosion of steel in concrete -- 5.2.1. Elements of theory -- 5.2.2. Causes and typology of steel corrosion in concrete -- 5.3. Measurement of electrochemical potential -- 5.3.1. Critical analysis -- 5.4. Measurement of linear polarization resistance -- 5.4.1. Critical analysis -- 5.5. Measurement of the electrical resistivity of concrete -- 5.6. Conclusions -- 5.7. Bibliography -- ch. 6 Quality, Uncertainties and Variabilities / Vincent Garnier -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Material variability: spatial and temporal aspects -- 6.2.1. General information about concrete -- 6.2.2. Variability from construction -- 6.2.3. Post-construction variability -- 6.2.4. Synthesis and purpose of NDE investigations -- 6.3. Representative Volume Element of the concrete with respect to an NDE -- 6.4. Metrological terminology and formalism -- 6.4.1. Terminology -- 6.4.2. Formalism -- 6.5. Evaluation of the uncertainties of NDEs applied to concrete structures -- 6.5.1. Implementation conditions, influence quantities, observables and indicators -- 6.5.2. Definition of a reference -- 6.5.3. Model errors -- 6.6. Qualification of NDE methods -- 6.6.1. Uncertainties and sensitivity -- 6.6.2. Quantification of uncertainty and selection of non-destructive parameters -- 6.6.3. Example -- 6.7. Summary -- 6.8. Bibliography -- 6.9. Appendix -- ch. 7 Construction of Conversion Models of Observables into Indicators / Vincent Garnier -- 7.1. Introduction: objectives and methodological needs -- 7.2. Identifying conversion model parameters -- 7.2.1. General framework -- 7.2.2. Direct identification of conversion model parameters -- 7.2.3. Identification by calibration of an existing model -- 7.2.4. How can we choose a procedure? -- 7.3. Use of the conversion model to assess indicators -- 7.4. Uncertainties and accuracy of estimates, recommendations -- 7.5. Conclusions -- 7.6. Bibliography -- 7.7. Appendix -- 7.7.1. Identification of a bi-objective conversion model -- 7.7.2. References for the conversion models in Figure 7.5 -- ch. 8 Assessment of Concrete by a Combination of Non-Destructive Techniques / Denys Breysse -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. benefit of combining NDEs -- 8.3. How can NDE techniques be combined? -- 8.3.1. Conventional methods -- 8.3.2. Innovative methods -- 8.4. Calibration of conversion models for combining and merging NDE techniques -- 8.4.1. Objective and interest of the calibration -- 8.4.2. Calibration methods -- 8.4.3. Calibration of SonReb methods and multiple regression -- 8.4.4. ANN calibration -- 8.4.5. Calibration of data fusion -- 8.5. Conclusions -- 8.6. Bibliography -- ch. 9 Applications In Situ / Vincent Garnier -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Structure no. I: Marly motorway bridge -- 9.2.1. Consultation with the client -- 9.2.2. On-site experimental methodology -- 9.2.3. Experimental program of destructive and non-destructive testing on cores -- 9.2.4. On-site NDE analysis -- 9.2.5. Evaluation and estimation of indicators -- 9.2.6. Conclusions and discussion with the different actors -- 9.3. Structure no. 2: enclosure walls of CEA-Saclay -- 9.3.1. Consultation with the owner -- 9.3.2. Non-destructive experimental methodology on-site -- 9.3.3. Destructive and non-destructive experimental programs on cores -- 9.3.4. On-site non-destructive evaluation analysis -- 9.3.5. On-site non-destructive evaluation combinations -- 9.3.6. Conclusions and discussions with the different actors -- 9.4. Conclusions and perspectives -- 9.5. Bibliography -- ch.
10 Methodological Guide / Jean Salin -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. NDE methodology of a structure -- 10.2.1. Definitions -- 10.2.2. Knowledge of the NDE specification -- 10.2.3. Implementation of non-destructive testing and extraction of observables -- 10.2.4. Implementation of destructive testing and evaluation of indicators -- 10.3. Implementation of non-destructive techniques -- 10.3.1. Introduction -- 10.3.2. Selection of non-destructive techniques and their combination -- 10.3.3. Sampling and measurement protocols using non-destructive techniques -- 10.3.4. Pre-auscultation -- 10.3.5. Detailed auscultation -- 10.3.6. Characterization of variability -- 10.4. Destructive measurements of the reference values of the indicators -- 10.4.1. Cores sampling for destructive testing -- 10.4.2. Destructive testing on cores -- 10.5. Fusion of observables -- 10.5.1. Identification of conversion models -- 10.5.2. Fusion of observables -- 10.5.3. Calibration of the fusion -- 10.6. Drafting of the evaluation report -- 10.7. Evolutions of this guide -- 10.8. Bibliography.
edited by Jean-Paul Balayssac, Vincent Garnier.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Structures durability in civil engineering set