http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Offshore Wind Farms: Technologies, Design and Operation provides the latest information on offshore wind energy, one of Europe's most promising and quickly maturing industries, and a potentially huge untapped renewable energy source which could contribute significantly towards EU 20-20-20 renewable energy generation targets. It has been estimated that by 2030 Europe could have 150GW of offshore wind energy capacity, meeting 14% of our power demand. Offshore Wind Farms: Technologies, Design and Operation provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging technologies, design, and operation of offshore wind farms. Part One introduces offshore wind energy as well as offshore wind turbine siting with expert analysis of economics, wind resources, and remote sensing technologies. The second section provides an overview of offshore wind turbine materials and design, while part three outlines the integration of wind farms into power grids with insights to cabling and energy storage. The final section of the book details the installation and operation of offshore wind farms with chapters on condition monitoring and health and safety, amongst others.
Front Cover; Offshore Wind Farms; Related titles; Offshore Wind Farms:Technologies, Design and Operation; Copyright; Contents; List of contributors; Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy; Acknowledgments; 01 -- Introduction to offshore wind energy and offshore wind farm siting; 1 -- Introduction to offshore wind energy; 1.1 Wind energy; 1.2 Offshore wind farm; 1.3 Energy cost; 1.4 Wind turbines; 1.5 Disputable issues; References; 2 -- Economics of building and operating offshore wind farms; 2.1 Introduction; 2.1.1 Expectations to offshore wind power; 2.1.2 Development of offshore wind power
2.2 Investment costs2.2.1 Development in investment costs; 2.2.2 Investment costs split into cost components; 2.3 Operating costs; 2.4 Key economic drivers for offshore wind energy; 2.4.1 Project size; 2.4.2 Turbine capacity; 2.4.3 Project lifetime; 2.4.4 Distance to shore and water depth; 2.5 Levelised cost of energy; 2.6 Future cost of offshore wind; 2.7 Conclusions; References; 3 -- Wind resources for offshore wind farms: characteristics and assessment; 3.1 Key issues in assessing wind resources; 3.2 The nature of the offshore wind environment; 3.3 Essential data parameters
3.3.1 Wind and other meteorological variables3.3.2 Water- and sea bed-related variables; 3.3.3 Joint characteristics; 3.4 Observational approaches; 3.4.1 Satellite; 3.4.2 Measurements; 3.5 Modeling approaches; 3.5.1 Numerical weather prediction models; 3.5.2 Microscale models; 3.5.3 Modeling of turbine-induced wakes; 3.5.4 Coupled atmosphere-ocean models; 3.6 Future trends; Abbreviations; Sources of further information; References; 4 -- Remote sensing technologies for measuring offshore wind; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 The need for data; 4.1.2 The offshore reality; 4.2 Conventional methods
4.2.1 Cup anemometers4.2.2 Wind vanes; 4.3 Surface-based remote sensing; 4.3.1 Basic principles; 4.3.1.1 The idea in a nutshell; 4.3.1.2 How lidars measure line-of-sight wind speeds; 4.3.1.3 Continuous-wave lidars; 4.3.1.4 Pulsed lidars and some contrasts to continuous-wave systems; 4.3.1.5 Direct detection lidars; 4.3.2 Wind lidars; 4.3.2.1 ZephiR 300; 4.3.2.2 Leosphere Windcube V2; 4.3.2.3 The accuracy of wind lidar measurements; 4.3.2.4 How wind lidars measure turbulence and gusts; 4.3.2.5 Deploying wind lidars offshore; 4.3.3 Floating lidars
4.3.3.1 What a floating lidar system is made of4.3.3.2 Different ways of dealing with the motion; 4.3.3.3 What floating lidars are good at and not so good at; 4.3.4 Scanning lidars and radars; 4.3.4.1 What single scanning lidars can be used for; 4.3.4.2 Measuring using dual Doppler; 4.3.5 Nacelle lidars; 4.4 Space-borne RS; 4.5 Case study -- a near-coastal wind farm project; 4.5.1 Estimating the wind resource; 4.5.2 Construction phase; 4.5.3 Verification measurements; 4.5.4 Wake measurements; 4.6 Future trends; Sources of further information; Abbreviations and Acronyms; References
02 -- Wind turbine components and design
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Offshore wind farms : technologies, design and operation
Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Woodhead Publishing, c2016