http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
applications, models, and future directions
Synthesis digital library of engineering and computer science
1 online resource (ix, 81 pages) : illustrations.
Today, embedded systems are used in many security-critical applications, from access control, electronic tickets, sensors, and smart devices (e.g., wearables) to automotive applications and critical infrastructures. These systems are increasingly used to produce and process both security-critical and privacy-sensitive data, which bear many security and privacy risks. Establishing trust in the underlying devices and making them resistant to software and hardware attacks is a fundamental requirement in many applications and a challenging, yet unsolved, task. Solutions solely based on software can never ensure their own integrity and trustworthiness while resource-constraints and economic factors often prevent the integration of sophisticated security hardware and cryptographic co-processors. In this context, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are an emerging and promising technology to establish trust in embedded systems with minimal hardware requirements. This book explores the design of trusted embedded systems based on PUFs. Specifically, it focuses on the integration of PUFs into secure and efficient cryptographic protocols that are suitable for a variety of embedded systems. It exemplarily discusses how PUFs can be integrated into lightweight device authentication and attestation schemes, which are popular and highly relevant applications of PUFs in practice. For the integration of PUFs into secure cryptographic systems, it is essential to have a clear view of their properties. This book gives an overview of different approaches to evaluate the properties of PUF implementations and presents the results of a large scale security analysis of different PUF types implemented in application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). To analyze the security of PUF-based schemes as is common in modern cryptography, it is necessary to have a security framework for PUFs and PUF-based systems. In this book, we give a flavor of the formal modeling of PUFs that is in its beginning and that is still undergoing further refinement in current research. The objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of secure PUF-based cryptographic system design and the related challenges and limitations.
2. Basics of physically unclonable functions -- 2.1 PUF concept, properties, and assumptions -- 2.2 PUF types -- 2.2.1 Delay-based PUFs -- 2.2.2 Memory-based PUFs -- 2.2.3 Coating PUFs -- 2.2.4 Non-electric PUFs -- 2.3 Noise compensation and privacy amplification --
3. Attacks on PUFs and PUF-based systems -- 3.1 Emulation attacks -- 3.2 Side channel attacks -- 3.3 Fault injection attacks -- 3.4 Invasive attacks --
4. Advanced PUF concepts -- 4.1 Controlled PUFs -- 4.2 Publicly verifiable and emulatable PUFs -- 4.3 Reconfigurable PUFs --
5. PUF implementations and evaluation -- 5.1 PUF implementations in ASIC -- 5.2 Evaluation methodology -- 5.2.1 Robustness analysis -- 5.2.2 Unpredictability analysis -- 5.3 Evaluation results -- 5.3.1 Robustness results -- 5.3.2 Unpredictability results -- 5.3.3. Discussion -- 5.4 Summary --
6. PUF-based cryptographic protocols -- 6.1 Lightweight authentication based on PUFs -- 6.1.1 Literature overview of PUF-based device authentication -- 6.1.2 Protocol description and specification -- 6.1.3 Security analysis -- 6.2 PUF-based attestation -- 6.2.1 Protocol description and specification -- 6.2.2 Security analysis --
7. Security model for PUF-based systems -- 7.1 Literature overview of PUF security models -- 7.2 Framework for physical functions -- 7.2.1 Background and rationale -- 7.2.2 Formalization -- 7.3 Robustness -- 7.3.1 Rationale -- 7.3.2 Formalization -- 7.4 Physical unclonability -- 7.4.1 Rationale -- 7.4.2 Formalization -- 7.5 Unpredictability -- 7.5.1 Rationale -- 7.5.2 Formalization -- 7.6 Conclusion --
8. Conclusion -- Terms and abbreviations -- Bibliography -- Authors' biographies.
Christian Wachsmann, Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi.
Abstract freely available; full-text restricted to subscribers or individual document purchasers.
System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 65-79).
Synthesis lectures on information security, privacy and trust ; # 12