Table of Contents:
  • The beginnings
  • The Benedictine Rule and its longevity
  • The flowering of the Benedictines
  • Return to the desert
  • The regular canons: the clergy's new self-understanding
  • The Cistercians: collegiality instead of hierarchy
  • The success of the Cistercian model
  • Diversity and competition
  • New concepts of belief
  • The Franciscans: a mendicant order with the whole world as its monastery
  • The Dominicans: holy preaching and pastoral care
  • Transformations of eremitical life
  • A new chapter in the story of the Vita religiosa
  • Mendicant orders in conflict: struggles over poverty and observance
  • Reformers and reforms at the end of the Middle Ages
  • A look back
  • Fundamental structures of the Vita religiosa in the Middle Ages.