Table of Contents:
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Motivation
  • 1.2 Background
  • 1.3 Production process of hardware systems
  • 1.3.1 Workflow
  • 1.3.2 Vulnerabilities
  • 2. Hardware Trojans
  • 2.1 Components
  • 2.1.1 Triggers
  • 2.1.2 Payload
  • 2.1.3 Interfaces
  • 2.2 Types
  • 2.3 Attack parameters
  • 2.3.1 Level of abstraction
  • 2.3.2 Technology domain
  • 2.3.3 Target technology
  • 2.3.4 Injection phase
  • 2.3.5 Attackers
  • 2.3.6 Topology
  • 2.4 Metrics
  • 2.4.1 Structural complexity
  • 2.4.2 Impacts
  • 2.4.3 Attack probability
  • 2.4.4 Activation probability
  • 2.4.5 Implementation costs
  • 2.4.6 Detection costs
  • 3. Countermeasures
  • 3.1 Introduction and challenges
  • 3.2 Detection
  • 3.2.1 Formal verification
  • 3.2.2 Simulation
  • 3.2.3 Logic testing
  • 3.2.4 Side-channel analysis
  • 3.2.5 Invasion
  • 3.3 Localization
  • 3.3.1 Activation
  • 3.3.2 Mensuration
  • 3.3.3 Calculation
  • 3.4 Prevention
  • 3.4.1 Obfuscation
  • 3.4.2 Invasion
  • 3.5 Circumventing Trojan countermeasures
  • 4. Historical overview
  • 4.1 Hardware Trojans: the beginnings (2005-2008)
  • 4.2 Hardware Trojans: a flood of research (2009-2010)
  • 4.3 A reflection on current approaches (2011-2012)
  • 5. Hot topics and conclusions
  • 5.1 Hot topics in hardware security and trust
  • 5.2 Conclusions
  • Glossary
  • Bibliography
  • Authors' biographies.