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Soft X-ray optics /

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This text describes optics mainly in the 10 to 500 angstrom wavelength region. These wavelengths are 50 to 100 times shorter than those for visible light and 50 to 100 times longer than the wavelengths of medical x rays or x-ray diffraction from natural crystals. There have been substantial advances...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Spiller, Eberhard
Corporate Author: Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Bellingham, Wash. (1000 20th St. Bellingham WA 98225-6705 USA) : SPIE, [1994]
Series:SPIE monograph ; PM15.
Subjects:
Resolution (Optics)
X-ray optics.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • 8. Design of multilayer structures
  • 8.1. Standing waves in a coating
  • 8.2. High-reflectivity
  • 8.2.1. Mirrors with increased bandwidth
  • 8.3. Fabry-Perot resonators and waveguide modes
  • 8.4. Beamsplitters and polarizers
  • 8.5. Multilayer coatings for neutrons
  • 8.6. References
  • 9. Multilayer Fabrication
  • 9.1. Deposition methods
  • 9.2. Material selection
  • 9.3. Performance of multilayer systems
  • 9.4. Substrates
  • 9.5. References
  • 10. Test of multilayer structures
  • 10.1 In-situ monitoring
  • 10.2 Soft x-ray reflectivity
  • 10.3 Hard x-ray reflectivity
  • 10.4 Scattering
  • 10.5 Characterization by microscopy
  • 10.6 References
  • 11. Windows and filters
  • 11.1. References
  • 12. Applications of soft X-Ray optics
  • 12.1. Spectroscopy
  • 12.2. Multilayer gratings
  • 12.3. High-resolution imaging
  • 12.4. Astronomy
  • 12.5. X-ray microscopy
  • 12.6. X-ray lithography
  • 12.7. References
  • 13. Appendix
  • 13.1. Conferences
  • 13.2. Optical constants of elements for A=1.54 A
  • 13.3. Example for the analysis of reflectivity curves
  • 13.4. References
  • Index.
  • Preface
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. References
  • 2. Optical constants
  • 2.1. Refractive index of a free electron gas
  • 2.2. Data for optical constants
  • 2.3. Neutron optics
  • 2.4. References
  • 3. Reflection from a single boundary
  • 3.1. Fresnel equations
  • 3.2. The standing wave generated by a reflector
  • 3.3. Waveguides and whispering gallery mirrors
  • 3.4. A simplified description of reflection
  • 3.5. References
  • 4. Imaging systems for X rays
  • 4.1. Reflecting imaging elements with amplitude addition
  • 4.2. Reflecting imaging elements with intensity addition
  • 4.3. Image field for reflectors. 4.3.1. Stepped mirrors
  • 4.4. X-ray lenses
  • 4.5. References
  • 5. Information capacity of a radiation field
  • 5.1. Modes, coherence conditions, uncertainty relations
  • 5.2. Contrast of interference fringes
  • 5.3. Intensity fluctuations
  • 5.4. Photon statistics
  • 5.5. Image reconstruction in three dimensions
  • 5.6. Image reconstruction in two dimensions
  • 5.7. References
  • 6. Zone plates
  • 6.1. Zone plate geometry
  • 6.2. Wavelength tuning of zone plates
  • 6.3. Zone plate efficiency
  • 6.4. Zone plate fabrication
  • 6.5. Generalized zone plate structures
  • 6.6. References
  • 7. Interference in thin films: theory
  • 7.1. Rigorous theories
  • 7.2. Kinematical theory (vector model) and Fourier transforms
  • 7.3. Imperfect boundaries
  • 7.4. Superlattices
  • 7.4.1. Reflection from tilted planes
  • 7.5. Computer programs
  • 7.6. References.