Reliability and safety engineering /

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Verma, A. K. (Ajit Kumar) (Author), Ajit, Srividya (Author), Karanki, Durga Rao (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Heidelberg ; New York : Springer, [2016]
Edition:	Second edition.
Series:	Springer series in reliability engineering.
Subjects:	Reliability (Engineering)

Table of Contents:

1.1.Need for Reliability and Safety Engineering
1.2.Exploring Failures
1.3.Improving Reliability and Safety
1.4.Definitions and Explanation of Some Relevant Terms
1.4.1.Quality
1.4.2.Reliability
1.4.3.Maintainability
1.4.4.Availability
1.4.5.Risk and Safety
1.4.6.Probabilistic Risk Assessment/Probabilistic Safety Assessment
1.5.Resources
1.6.History
1.7.Present Challenges and Future Needs for the Practice of Reliability and Safety Engineering
References
2.1.Classical Set Theory and Boolean Algebra
2.1.1.Operations on Sets
2.1.2.Laws of Set Theory
2.1.3.Boolean Algebra
2.2.Concepts of Probability Theory
2.2.1.Axioms of Probability
2.2.2.Calculus of Probability Theory
2.2.3.Random Variables and Probability Distributions
2.3.Reliability and Hazard Functions 3I
2.4.Distributions Used in Reliability and Safety Studies
2.4.1.Discrete Probability Distributions
2.4.2.Continuous Probability Distributions
2.4.3.Summary
2.5.Failure Data Analysis
2.5.1.Nonparametric Methods
2.5.2.Parametric Methods
References
3.1.Reliability Block Diagram (RBD)
3.1.1.Procedure for System Reliability Prediction Using RBD
3.1.2.Different Types of Models
3.1.3.Solving RBD
3.2.Markov Models
3.2.1.Elements of Markov Models
3.3.Fault Tree Analysis
3.3.1.Procedure for Carrying Out Fault Tree Analysis
3.3.2.Elements of Fault Tree
3.3.3.Evaluations of Fault Tree
3.3.4.Case Study
References
4.1.Monte Carlo Simulation
4.1.1.Analytical versus Simulation Approaches for System Reliability Modeling
4.1.2.Elements of Monte Carlo Simulation
4.1.3.Repairable Series and Parallel System
4.1.4.Simulation Procedure for Complex Systems
4.1.5.Increasing Efficiency of Simulation
4.2.Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis
4.2.1.Dynamic Fault Tree Gates
4.2.2.Modular Solution for Dynamic Fault Trees
4.2.3.Numerical Method
4.2.4.Monte Carlo Simulation
References
5.1.Importance of Electronic Industry
5.2.Various Components Used and Their Failure Mechanisms
5.2.1.Resistors
5.2.2.Capacitors
5.2.3.Inductors
5.2.4.Relays
5.2.5.Semiconductor Devices
5.2.6.Microcircuits (ICs)
5.3.Reliability Prediction of Electronic Systems
5.3.1.Parts Count Method
5.3.2.Parts Stress Method
5.4.PRISM
5.5.Sneak Circuit Analysis (SCA)
5.5.1.Definition of SCA
5.5.2.Network Tree Production
5.5.3.Topological Pattern Identification
5.6.Case Study
5.6.1.Total Failure Rate
5.7.Physics of Failure Mechanisms of Electronic Components
5.7.1.Physics of Failures
5.7.2.Failure Mechanisms for Resistors
5.7.3.Failure Mechanisms for Capacitor
5.7.4.MOS Failure Mechanisms
5.7.5.Field Programmable Gate Array
References
6.1.Introduction to Software Reliability
6.2.Past Incidences of Software Failures in Safety Critical Systems
6.3.The Need for Reliable Software
6.4.Difference Between Hardware Reliability and Software Reliability
6.5.Software Reliability Modeling
6.5.1.Software Reliability Growth Models
6.5.2.Black Box Software Reliability Models
6.5.3.White Box Software Reliability Models
6.6.How to Implement Software Reliability
6.7.Emerging Techniques in Software Reliability Modeling-Soft Computing Technique
6.7.1.Need for Soft Computing Methods
6.7.2.Environmental Parameters
6.7.3.Anil-Verma Model
6.8.Future Trends of Software Reliability
References
7.1.Reliability Versus Durability
7.2.Failure Modes in Mechanical Systems
7.2.1.Failures Due to Operating Load
7.2.2.Failure Due to Environment
7.3.Reliability Circle
7.3.1.Specify Reliability
7.3.2.Design for Reliability
7.3.3.Test for Reliability
7.3.4.Maintain the Manufacturing Reliability
7.3.5.Operational Reliability
References
8.1.Deterministic versus Probabilistic Approach in Structural Engineering
8.2.The Basic Reliability Problem
8.2.1.First Order Second Moment (FOSM) Method
8.2.2.Advanced First Order Second Moment Method (AFOSM)
8.3.First Order Reliability Method (FORM)
8.4.Reliability Analysis for Correlated Variables
8.4.1.Reliability Analysis for Correlated Normal Variables
8.4.2.Reliability Analysis for Correlated Non-normal Variables
8.5.Second Order Reliability Methods (SORM)
8.6.System Reliability
8.6.1.Classification of Systems
8.6.2.Evaluation of System Reliability
References
9.1.Introduction
9.2.Peculiarities of a Large Setup of Machinery
9.3.Prioritizing the Machinery for Maintenance Requirements
9.3.1.Hierarchical Level of Machinery
9.3.2.FMECA (Failure Mode Effect and Criticality Analysis)
9.4.Maintenance Scheduling of a Large Setup of Machinery
9.4.1.Introduction
9.4.2.Example
9.4.3.Example-MOOP of Maintenance Interval Scheduling
9.4.4.Use of NSGA II-Elitist Genetic Algorithm Program
9.4.5.Assumptions and Result
9.5.Decision Regarding Maintenance Before an Operational Mission
9.5.1.Introduction
9.5.2.The Model
9.5.3.Assumptions
9.5.4.Result
9.6.Summary
References
10.1.Introduction
10.2.Concept of Risk and Safety
10.3.An Overview of Probabilistic Safety Assessment Tasks
10.4.Identification of Hazards and Initiating Events
10.4.1.Preliminary Hazard Analysis
10.4.2.Master Logic Diagram (MLD)
10.5.Event Tree Analysis
10.6.Importance Measures
10.7.Common Cause Failure Analysis
10.7.1.Treatment of Dependent Failures
10.7.2.The Procedural Framework for CCF Analysis
10.7.3.Treatment of Common Cause Failures ti in Fault Tree Models
10.7.4.Common Cause Failure Models
10.8.Human Reliability Analysis
10.8.1.HRA Concepts
10.8.2.HRA Process, Methods, and Tools
References
11.1.Introduction to Dynamic PSA
11.1.1.Need for Dynamic PSA
11.1.2.Dynamic Methods for Risk Assessment
11.2.Dynamic Event Tree Analysis
11.2.1.Event Tree versus Dynamic Event Tree
11.2.2.DET Approach-Steps Involved
11.2.3.DET Implementation-Comparison Among Tools
11.3.Example-Depleting Tank
11.3.1.Description on Depleting Tank Problem
11.3.2.Analytical Solution
11.3.3.Discrete DET Solution
11.4.DET Quantification of Risk-Practical Issues and Possible Solutions
11.4.1.Challenges in Direct Quantification of Risk with DET
11.4.2.Uncertainties and Dynamics in Risk Assessment
References
12.1.Objectives of PSA
12.2.PSA of Nuclear Power Plant
12.2.1.Description of PHWR
12.2.2.PSA of Indian NPP (PHWR Design)
12.3.Technical Specification Optimization
12.3.1.Traditional Approaches for Technical Specification Optimization
12.3.2.Advanced Techniques for Technical Specification Optimization
12.4.Risk Monitor
12.4.1.Necessity of Risk Monitor?
12.4.2.Different Modules of Risk Monitor
12.4.3.Applications of Risk Monitor
12.5.Risk Informed In-Service Inspection
12.5.1.RI-ISI Models
12.5.2.ISI and Piping Failure Frequency
References
13.1.Mathematical Models and Uncertainties
13.2.Uncertainty Analysis: An Important Task of PRA/PSA
13.3.Methods of Characterising Uncertainties
13.3.1.The Probabilistic Approach
13.3.2.Interval and Fuzzy Representation
13.3.3.Dempster-Shafer Theory Based Representation
13.4.Bayesian Approach
13.5.Expert Elicitation Methods
13.5.1.Definition and Uses of Expert Elicitation
13.5.2.Treatment of Expert Elicitation Process
13.5.3.Methods of Treatment
13.6.Uncertainty Propagation
13.6.1.Method of Moments
13.6.2.Monte Carlo Simulation
13.6.3.Interval Analysis
13.6.4.Fuzzy Arithmetic
References
14.1.Uncertainty Analysis with Correlated Basic Events
14.1.1.Dependency: Common Cause Failures versus Correlated Epistemic Parameters
14.1.2.Methodology for PSA Based on Monte Carlo Simulation with Nataf Transformation
14.1.3.Case Study
14.2.Uncertainty Importance Measures
14.2.1.Probabilistic Approach to Ranking Uncertain Parameters in System Reliability Models
14.2.2.Method Based on Fuzzy Set Theory
14.2.3.Application to a Practical System
14.3.Treatment of Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainties
14.3.1.Epistemic and Aleatory Uncertainty in Reliability Calculations
14.3.2.Need to Separate Epistemic and Aleatory Uncertainties
14.3.3.Methodology for Uncertainty Analysis in Reliability Assessment Based on Monte Carlo Simulation
14.4.Dempster-Shafer Theory
14.4.1.Belief and Plausibility Function of Real Numbers
14.4.2.Dempster's Rule of Combination
14.4.3.Sampling Technique for the Evidence Theory
14.5.Probability Bounds Approach
14.5.1.Computing with Probability Bounds
14.5.2.Two-Phase Monte Carlo Simulation
14.5.3.Uncertainty Propagation Considering Correlation Between Variables
14.6.Case Study to Compare Uncertainty Analysis Methods
14.6.1.Availability Assessment of MCPS Using Fault Tree Analysis
16.6.2.Uncertainty Propagation in MCPS with Different Methods
16.6.3.Observations from Case Study
References.