Table of Contents:
  • Part A Geometry of Curves and Abelian Varieties 6
  • A.1 Algebraic Varieties 8
  • A.2 Divisors 34
  • A.3 Linear Systems 49
  • A.4 Algebraic Curves 67
  • A.5 Abelian Varieties over C 91
  • A.6 Jacobians over C 110
  • A.7 Abelian Varieties over Arbitrary Fields 119
  • A.8 Jacobians over Arbitrary Fields 134
  • A.9 Schemes 151
  • Part B Height Functions 168
  • B.1 Absolute Values 170
  • B.2 Heights on Projective Space 174
  • B.3 Heights on Varieties 183
  • B.4 Canonical Height Functions 195
  • B.5 Canonical Heights on Abelian Varieties 199
  • B.6 Counting Rational Points on Varieties 210
  • B.7 Heights and Polynomials 224
  • B.8 Local Height Functions 237
  • B.9 Canonical Local Heights on Abelian Varieties 241
  • B.10 Introduction to Arakelov Theory 243
  • Part C Rational Points on Abelian Varieties 257
  • C.1 Weak Mordell-Weil Theorem 260
  • C.2 Kernel of Reduction Modulo p 267
  • C.3 Appendix Finiteness Theorems in Algebraic Number Theory 273
  • C.4 Appendix Selmer and Tate-Shafarevich Groups 279
  • C.5 Appendix Galois Cohomology and Homogeneous Spaces 283
  • Part D Diophantine Approximation and Integral Points on Curves 299
  • D.1 Two Elementary Results on Diophantine Approximation 300
  • D.2 Roth's Theorem 304
  • D.3 Preliminary Results 307
  • D.4 Construction of the Auxiliary Polynomial 316
  • D.5 Index Is Large 323
  • D.6 Index Is Small (Roth's Lemma) 329
  • D.7 Completion of the Proof of Roth's Theorem 341
  • D.8 Application: The Unit Equation U + V = 1 345
  • D.9 Application: Integer Points on Curves 353
  • Part E Rational Points on Curves of Genus at Least 2 367
  • E.1 Vojta's Geometric Inequality and Faltings' Theorem 369
  • E.2 Pinning Down Some Height Functions 373
  • E.3 An Outline of the Proof of Vojta's Inequality 379
  • E.4 An Upper Bound for h[subscript Omega](z, w) 381
  • E.5 A Lower Bound for h[subscript Omega](z, w) for Nonvanishing Sections 385
  • E.6 Constructing Sections of Small Height I: Applying Riemann-Roch 389
  • E.7 Constructing Sections of Small Height II: Applying Siegel's Lemma 393
  • E.8 Lower Bound for h[subscript Omega](z, w) at Admissible (i*[subscript 1], i*[subscript 2]): Version I 401
  • E.9 Eisenstein's Estimate for the Derivatives of an Algebraic Function 408
  • E.10 Lower Bound for h[subscript Omega](z, w) at Admissible (i*[subscript 1], i*[subscript 2]): Version II 412
  • E.11 A Nonvanishing Derivative of Small Order 418
  • E.12 Completion of the Proof of Vojta's Inequality 421
  • Part F Further Results and Open Problems 433
  • F.1 Curves and Abelian Varieties 434
  • F.1.1 Rational Points on Subvarieties of Abelian Varieties 434
  • F.1.2 Application to Points of Bounded Degree on Curves 439
  • F.2 Discreteness of Algebraic Points 443
  • F.2.1 Bogomolov's Conjecture 444
  • F.2.2 Height of a Variety 445
  • F.3 Height Bounds and Height Conjectures 451
  • F.4 Search for Effectivity 456
  • F.4.1 Effective Computation of the Mordell-Weil Group A([kappa]) 457
  • F.4.2 Effective Computation of Rational Points on Curves 465
  • F.4.3 Quantitative Bounds for Rational Points 472
  • F.5 Geometry Governs Arithmetic 474
  • F.5.1 Kodaira Dimension 475
  • F.5.2 Bombieri-Lang Conjecture 479
  • F.5.3 Vojta's Conjecture 482
  • F.5.4 Varieties Whose Rational Points Are Dense 487
  • Part A Geometry of Curves and Abelian Varieties 6
  • A.1 Algebraic Varieties 8
  • A.1.1 Affine and Projective Varieties 9
  • A.1.2 Algebraic Maps and Local Rings 15
  • A.1.3 Dimension 22
  • A.1.4 Tangent Spaces and Differentials 24
  • A.2 Divisors 34
  • A.2.1 Weil Divisors 34
  • A.2.2 Cartier Divisors 37
  • A.2.3 Intersection Numbers 44
  • A.3 Linear Systems 49
  • A.3.1 Linear Systems and Maps 49
  • A.3.2 Ampleness and the Enriques-Severi-Zariski Lemma 52
  • A.3.3 Line Bundles and Sheavese 56
  • A.4 Algebraic Curves 67
  • A.4.1 Birational Models of Curves 68
  • A.4.2 Genus of a Curve and the Riemann-Roch Theorem 70
  • A.4.3 Curves of Genus 0 74
  • A.4.4 Curves of Genus 1 76
  • A.4.5 Curves of Genus at Least 2 81
  • A.4.6 Algebraic Surfaces 84
  • A.5 Abelian Varieties over C 91
  • A.5.1 Complex Tori 93
  • A.5.2 Divisors, Theta Functions, and Riemann Forms 97
  • A.5.3 Riemann-Roch for Abelian Varieties 103
  • A.6 Jacobians over C 110
  • A.6.1 Abelian Integrals 110
  • A.6.2 Periods of Riemann Surfaces 111
  • A.6.3 Jacobian of a Riemann Surface 113
  • A.6.4 Albanese Varieties 116
  • A.7 Abelian Varieties over Arbitrary Fields 119
  • A.7.1 Generalities 119
  • A.7.2 Divisors and the Theorem of the Cube 121
  • A.7.3 Dual Abelian Varieties and Poincare Divisors 128
  • A.8 Jacobians over Arbitrary Fields 134
  • A.8.1 Construction and Properties 134
  • A.8.2 Divisor [Theta] 138
  • A.8.3 Appendix Families of Subvarieties 142
  • A.9 Schemes 151
  • A.9.1 Varieties over Z 151
  • A.9.2 Analogies Between Number Fields and Function Fields 159
  • A.9.3 Minimal Model of a Curve 160
  • A.9.4 Neron Model of an Abelian Variety 162.