rdf-syntax-grammar
mods:
  schema location: http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
  title info:
    title: Investigation of Synergistic NOx Reduction from Cofiring and Air Staged Combustion of Coal and Low Ash Dairy Biomass in a 30 Kilowatt Low NOx Furnace
  name:
    name part: Lawrence, Benjamin Daniel
    role:
      role term: creator
    role:
      role term: author.
  name:
    name part: Annamalai, Kalyan
    role:
      role term: thesis advisor.
  name:
    name part: Texas A & M University
    role:
      role term: degree granting institution.
  type of resource: text
  genre: bibliography
  origin info:
    place:
      place term: txu
    date issued: 2013
    issuance: monographic
  language:
    language term: eng
  physical description:
    form: remote
    extent: 1 online resource.
  abstract: Alternate, cost effective disposal methods must be developed for reducing phosphorous and nitrogen loading from land application of animal waste. Cofiring coal with animal waste, termed dairy biomass (DB), is the proposed thermo-chemical method to address this concern. DB is evaluated as a cofired fuel with Wyoming Powder River Basin (PRB) sub-bituminous coal in a small-scale 29 kW[subscript t] low NO[subscript x] burner (LNB) facility. Fuel properties, of PRB and DB revealed the following: a higher heating value of 29590 kJ/kg for dry ash free (DAF) coal and 21450 kJ/kg for DAF DB. A new method called Respiratory Quotient (RQ), defined as ratio of carbon dioxide moles to oxygen moles consumed in combustion, used widely in biology, was recently introduced to engineering literature to rank global warming potential (GWP) of fuels. A higher RQ means higher CO₂ emission and higher GWP. PRB had an RQ of 0.90 and DB had an RQ of 0.92. For comparison purposes, methane has an RQ of 0.50. For unknown fuel composition, gas analyses can be adapted to estimate RQ values. The LNB was modified and cofiring experiments were performed at various equivalence ratios (phi) with pure coal and blends of PRB-DB. Standard emissions from solid fuel combustion were measured; then NO[subscript x] on a heat basis (g/GJ), fuel burnt fraction, and fuel nitrogen conversion percentage were estimated. The gas analyses yielded burnt fraction ranging from 89% to 100% and confirmed an RQ of 0.90 to 0.94, which is almost the same as the RQ based on fuel composition. At the 0.90 equivalence ratio, unstaged pure coal produced 653 ppm (377 g/GJ) of NO[subscript x]. At the same equivalence ratio, a 90-10 PRB:LADB blended fuel produced 687 ppm (397 g/GJ) of NO[subscript x]. By staging 20% of the total combustion air as tertiary air (which raised the equivalence ratio of the main burner to 1.12), NO[subscript x] was reduced to 545 ppm (304 g/GJ) for the 90-10 blended fuel. Analysis of variance showed that v…
  note: by Benjamin Daniel Lawrence.
  note: "Major Subject: Mechanical Engineering."
  note: Includes vita.
  note: "Major Subject: Mechanical Engineering"
  note: Doctor of Philosophy Texas A & M University 2013 http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151367
  note: Includes bibliographical references.
  note: Text (Dissertation)
  subject:
    topic: Major Mechanical Engineering
  subject:
    topic: coal
  subject:
    topic: cofiring
  subject:
    topic: biomass
  subject:
    topic: staged combustion
  subject:
    topic: NOx
  identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151367
  record info:
    record content source: TXA
    record creation date: 140325
    record change date: 20151206092812.0
    record identifier: in00003441534
    language of cataloging:
      language term: eng