| Abstract: | The overall objective of this work was to investigate the reduction of 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines that can affect the quality of Texas wines and to study the health benefits of Texas wines. The first objective was to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory potential effect of red wine polyphenols from Black Spanish wine (Vitis aestivalis) in colonic human fibroblast cells. Results show that polyphenols from Black Spanish wine decreased activation of NF-kB transcription factor and target pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. Induction of microRNA-126 by wine extract was found to be one of the underlying molecular mechanism by which wine extract decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and inflammation in colon cells. The second objective was to investigate the role of the green june beetle (GJB) as exogenous source of MPs. Results demonstrated GJB as source of 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IPMP), where one GJB could elevate MPs above sensory perceptible levels in 4.3 gallons of wine. The incorporation of GJB to the winemaking process may contribute negatively to the sensory properties of Texas wines and therefore should be strictly controlled. The third objective was to explore the effect of micro-oxygenation treatment and accelerated aging techniques relevant for the state of Texas in the reduction of MPs levels as determined by SPME-GC-MS. Results show that MPs were not affected by MOX or oak interaction. The fourth research objective was to explore the potential effect of three commercial available yeast strains, BM45, K1, and D80, on MPs levels in Black Spanish wines. MB45 strain resulted in the highest amount of MPs. Conversely K1 and D80 yeast strains reduced IBMP levels in comparison with the control. In addition we evaluated MPs levels of wines fermented with a chemical defined grape juice medium. Data suggest that BM45 and D80 yeast strains reduced IBMP but K1 yeast did not show any effect in comparison with the control. In addition MPs were evaluated in the yeast mannoproteins fraction. This data demonstrate for the first time the interaction of yeast mannoproteins with IBMP. This work will provide valuable information regarding the potential health benefits of Vitis aestivalis grapes and reduction of MPs and thus improving the quality of Texas wines. |
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