The modern husbandman : complete in eight volumes : containing I. The practice of farming, as it is now carried on by the most experienced farmers in the several counties of England ... necessary for all landlords and tenants of either ploughed, grass, or wood grounds /
| Main Author: | Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758 |
|---|---|
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Series: | Making of the modern world (Goldsmiths'-Kress Library of Economic Literature)
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to the full text of this electronic book |
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The modern husbandman : or, The practice of farming, as it is now carried on by the most accurate farmers in several countries of England.
by: Ellis, William, -1758
by: Ellis, William, -1758
Chiltern and vale farming explained : according to the latest improvements : necessary for all landlords and tenants of either ploughed-grass, or wood-grounds ... /
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman, or, The practice of farming /
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman : for the month of October. Containing, I. The character of many sorts of wheat for sowing them in proper soils. II. Of dressing, plowing, and sowing wheat-seed in different countries. III. Several cases, proving the benefit of changing wheat-seed. IV. To prevent the degeneracy of wheat-seed. V. Several ways to prepare wheat-seed for sowing. VI. How one gentleman got good crops of grain, and another bad crops, by using one sort of manure. VII. Observations on Dr. Plott's discourse on husbandry. VIII. Of landlord's letting and tenants taking farms, with curious cases relating to the same. IX. Of making and management a liquorice-plantation. X. The advantages of buying in Welch sheep by farmers. XI. Fo fairs and statutes for hiring farmers servants, and their several characters. XII. A large account of tethes, being queries about them, and answers by Sir. Constantine Phipps. XIII. Of several law0suits about tythes. XIV. Ill servants, their great prejudice to farmers, with observations on the causes of their being such. To which are added, many other curious and serviceable matters never before published. /
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman : for the month of August. Containing, I. The present practice of the best managers in getting in wheat crops. II. Curious cases relating to wheat crops. III. Six several ways of curing wettish or damp wheat ears. IV. How farmers may advance their corn four pence or six pence a bushel. V. Experienced cases in the improvement and getting in of rye barley, oats, pease, beans, canary, caraway, and other crops of grain. VI. Of a flay crop, and how to improve it, after it is got in, to the greatest advantage. VII. A new method of greatly improving a crop of clover, while it is seeding in the field. VIII. Plowings necessary to be performed in several countries in this month. IX. Of hop plantations for August, and the Middlesex farmers management of their second crop of hay. X. A large account of managing bees in this month. XI. How cattle died of the murrain in 1736, and a famous reciept to cure of prevent it, with many other serviceable matters never before published. /
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The practical farmer or, the Hertfordshire husbandman : containing many new improvements in husbandry ... /
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The practical farmer, or, The Hertfordshire husbandman : containing many new improvements in husbandry, I. of meliorating the different soils ... II. of the nature of the several sorts of wheat ... XIII. a comparison of different methods of farming in several countries /
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman : for the month of September. I. The different ways of plowing and other managements preparatory to the sowing of wheat in Vale and Chiltern lands; also, the method of sowing several sorts of wheat-seeds in their proper soils, in drills, in bout, in ridge, and in broadlands. II. Eighteen several cases, proving, how wheat becomes smutty, and how to prevent a farmer's having smutty or pepper wheat. III. Several curious observations relating to the sowing of clover, and other grass-lays, and stubbles with wheat. IV. To sow rye for a standing crop, or for feeding cattle on its green food in the field. V. The pulling and inning of flax and hemp, with many reasons to shew how they may be improved at home in the highest perfection; also, the nature and value of Italian and Russian hemp. VI. The picking of hops and curing them on the cockle-oast, and other kilns, with an account of their good and bad properties. VII. The English and Irish ways of digging and preserving potatoes in the hardest frosts, and of the great service that the Castonian or Munster potatoe did to the poor Irish, in the Famine of 1740. VIII. How a crop of St. Foyne may be enjoyed a year sooner than in the common way of sowing it. IX. How the gypsy and another sort of vagrants prejudice the farmer, and a history of their lives and actions. X. The profit of sowing the winter thetch in this month, and of gathering and drying saffron. XI. The great advantage of Inclosure, shewn by the expample of including a common by Act of Parliament, to the mutual satisfaction and profit both of the rich Lord of the Manor and the poor commoner. And also, of the infinite damage they do the poor and the farmer, and the guilt they load themselves with, who unlawfully and unjustly include and detain commons from them. To which are added many other curious and serviceable matters never before published. /
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman : Or, The practice of farming: as it is now carried on by the most accurate farmers in several counties of England. For the month of May. Containing the following particulars; viz. I. Of ploughs and plowing. II. Of barley, wheat, turneps, &c. III. Of weeds, and their cure. IV. Of manures and dressings proper for this month. V. Of artificial grasses. VI. Of bulls, cows, and calves. VII. Of cheese. VIII. Of butter. IX. Of hogs. X. Of sheep. XI. Miscellaneous matters in husbandry. XII. Of turneps; a farther account of them. XIII. Of making and repairing roads. XIV. Of horses, mares, and colts. XV. Of trees and insects. By William Ellis, of Little Gaddesden, near Hempstead, in Hertforshire.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The practical farmer, or, The Hertfordshire husbandman : containing many new improvements in husbandry /
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The practical farmer, or, The Hertfordshire husbandman. containing many new improvements in husbandry ... /
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman : Or, The practice of farming: as it is now carried on by the most accurate farmers in several counties of England. For the month of March. Containing, I. An account of sowing wheat seed in March. II. How to improve late-sown crops of wheat. III. Several necessary ways to prepare, sow, and improve, different sorts of barley. IV. Of sowing oats, pease, thetches, and tills, different ways in March. V. Of sowing artificial grass seeds in different manners. VI. A description of an excellent new-invented swing plough, now in use for plowing dry soils. VII. The benefit of r...ing corn and grass grounds in this month. VIII. The copy of a letter for sending Aylesbury pirky wheat seed to a gentleman; with the author's answer to the same. IX. The late Sir John Dalrymple's character; and the copy of his first letter to the author. X. Copy of a letter from a very learned gentleman; with the author's answer. XI. An account of a new-invented, cheap, small tool, that prepares the finest and most profitable wheat seed that can be sown; which was invented by an unknown gentleman, and lately sent to this author as a present, who now furnishes the same sort to any person that will buy it; being a tool of great profit to all farmers and gentlemen who occupy arable land, and which will effectually supply the use of the great round wire worm-screen, that costs thirty pounds. To which are added; many other curious and serviceable matters never before published. By William Ellis; of Little Gaddesden, near Hempstead, in Hertfordshire.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman : Or, The practice of farming: as it is now carried on by the most accurate farmers in several counties of England. For the month of July. Containing. I. The several sorts of plowings necessary to be performed in this month, in different soils and countries. II. How several farmers broke in one farm by wrong plowing their ground, and how a present tenant thrives by plowing it right; with cases relating thereto. III. A sure method to secure an acre of turneps, coleworts, weld, and many other vegetables, from the damages of flies, for three-pence charge, by only preparing the seed. IV. Several experienced ways to make rapes or coleworts answer to great profit. V. How to make a prodigious advantage by sewing turnep seed, cole seed and weld seed together, in a particular soil and situation. VI. Different manners of cutting and inning several sorts of pease. VII. Of sowing, cutting, inning, and other things relating to French wheat. VIII. How to make a calf's flesh white at home, and also while it is on sale at market; and to cure several distempers in cows, &c. IX. To prevent and cure diseases in sheep, hogs, and horses. X. Of bees. XI. How to make excellent cheese from clover-grass. XII. The best way of all others to make salt butter fresh: to pot butter; with other new secrets for improving a dairy. XIII. To keep eggs a long time sound, by four several ways. XIV. What is necessary to be done in the hop garden in this month; in which several curious and profitable matters are discovered. XV. How three several farmers pay their rents by breeding tame pheasants; wherein, by large accounts, are shewn their ingenious cheap methods of doing it. XVI. The method of breeding mottled or white-peacocks. XVII. How to discover where peat is to be found, with ample accounts of the vast improvements that have accrued by its cheap ashes, [made] at Newbury, Langley, &c. by which thousands of acres may be put ... to the great advantage of farmers, and to the immense profit of Great Britain, Ireland, and our plantations abroad. By William Ellis, of Little Gaddesden, near Hempstead, in Hertfordshire.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman : Or, The practice of farming: as it is now carried on by the most accurate farmers in several counties of England. For the month of June. Containing the following particulars, viz. I. A description of, and the uses of the excellent three-wheel and pulley drill ploughs, several sorts of horse-breaks, and hand instruments, as they are now employed by common farmers, for improving their crops of wheat, barley, pease, beans, rapes, weld, coriander, carraway, canary, seeds of trees, turneps, hops, and other vegetables, in the cheapest and most profitable manner. II. Of the furniture of a dairy, and the making of butter and cheese, according to the different practice of several counties: to which is added, an account, how the sweetest of butter may be had from milk taken directly from cows, though they be fed with a particular sort of artificial grass; and also how to make some of the best of cheese from the butter-milk of the same, as it was presented to the Royal Society, by a gentleman who got an estate by the constant practice of this method; and whereby the poorest ground may be advanced to the highest value. III. The true way of suckling house lambs, as it is performed by the meadow farmer and the plough farmer, so plainly wrote of, that those, who never saw this work done, may easily become masters of this curious art, by which cities and great towns may cheaply enjoy this delicate meat. IV. Of proper plowings, necessary to be done in this month, in high or low, wet or dry lands. V. A large account of making natural hay, and its preservation from firing, and other damage. VI. Of sheering sheep. The nature and value of the several sorts of wooll of Great Britain; and how it is run to France. VII. The unfortunate death of a lord of a manor, that was killed by his own bull; and how a blackmoor, in Buckingbamshire, killed a savage bull with only a bag of nails. VIII. The several benefits of keeping the pole, or hornless breed of cows and bulls, as now done by several gentlemen. IX. The management of a crop of turnep seed, and of sowing turneps in this month. X. The improvement of corn, hops, cows, calves, sheep, lambs, and bees. XI. Eighteen ways of keeping off and destroying rats and mice; and the case of an horse, who was near being killed by rats poisoned with mercury: with many other curious cases, and serviceable matters. By William Ellis, of Little Gaddesden, near Hempstead, in Hertfordshire.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman: or, The practice of farming : As it is now carried on by the most accurate farmers in several counties of England. For the month of May. Containing the following particulars: viz. I. Of ploughs and plowing. II. Of barley, wheat, &c. III. Of weeds, and their cure. IV. Of manures and dressings proper for this month. V. Of artificial grasses. VI. Of bulls, cows, and calves. VII. Of cheese. VIII. Of butter. IX. Of hogs. X. Of sheep. XI. Miscellaneous matters in husbandry. XII. Of turneps; a farther account of them. XIII. Of making and repairing roads. XIV. Of horses, mares, and colts. XV. Of trees and insects. By William Ellis, of Little Gaddesden, near Hempstead, in Hertfordshire.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
Published: (1742)
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
Published: (1742)
The modern husbandman: or, The practice of farming : As it is now carried on by the most accurate farmers in several counties of England. For the month of April. Containing, I. Several processes of plowing various lands. II. The transcendant uses of the late-invented Hertfordshire double plough. III. Of sowing barley, pease and thetches, by the drill plough. IV. Why it is too late to sow wheat in this month. V. A description of the new-invented spiky roll. VI. The prevention and cure of rotten sheep, also of the red-water, foot-rot, &c. VII. Keeping of cows, horses, &c. from diseases. VIII. The bites of jockies exposed. VIII. How a gentleman made several improvements in his estate by this author's directions. IX. Of the uses of burnt clay; and the mischief done to land by burning grass surfaces. With other beneficial matters, tending to the improvement of this useful science. By William Ellis, of little Gaddesden, near Hempstead, in Hertfordshire.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The practice of farming and husbandry in all sorts of soils, according to the latest improvements : very useful for all landlords and tenants, of ploughed, grass or wood lands ...
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman : complete in eight volumes. Containing I. The practice of farming, ... By William Ellis,...
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The practice of farming and husbandry : in all sorts of soils, according to the latest improvements, very useful for all landlords and tenants, of plonghed, grass or woodlands.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman: or, The practice of farming : As it is now carried on by the most accurate farmers in several counties of England. For the month of August. Containing, I. The present practice of the best managers in getting in wheat crops. II. Curious cases relating to wheat crops. III. Six several ways of curing wettish or damp wheat ears. IV. How farmers may advance their corn four pence or six pence a bushel. V. Experienced cases in the improvement and getting in of rye, barley, oats, peace, beans, canary, coriander, carraway, and other crops of grain. VI. Of a flax crop, and how to improve it, after it is got in, to the greatest advantage. VII. A new method of greatly improving a crop of clover, while it is seeding in the field. VIII. Plowings necessary to be performed in several countries in this month. IX. Of hop plantations for August, and the middlesex farmers management of their second crop of hay. X. A large account of managing bees in this month. XI. How cattle died of the Murrain in 1736, and a famous receipt to cure or prevent it, with many other serviceable matters never before published. By William Ellis, of little gaddesden, near Hempstead, in Hertfordshire.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman: or The practice of farming : As it is now carried on by the most accurate farmers in several counties of England. For the month of February. Containing the following particulars, viz. I. The author's discovery of four sorts of new excellent wheats, two whereof exceed the common Red Lammas, for making the finest flour and bread. II. The good and bad properties of sowing wheat in February. III. Several accounts of sowing and setting of beans and pease. IV. Crops of corn, how they may be got seven years together, without dung or manure. V. How farming may be carried on to great profit in many places, without any other live cattle than horses. VI. Copies of several curious letters relating to husbandry, with the author's answers. VII. An account of an excellent new invented horse-break, that plows and houghs all at once. VIII. The Irish and English ways of improving potatoe-plantations. IX. A new account of grass-seeds. X. How arable lands are to be improved by converting them into meadow. XI. How the last new drill-husbandry employs poor men, and eases parish rates. With many other curious, serviceable matters, never before published. By William Ellis, of little Gaddesden, near Hampstead, in Hartfordshire.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The practical farmer: or, The Hertfordshire husbandman : Containing many new improvements in husbandry. I. Of meliorating the different soils, and all other branches of business relating to a farm. II. Of the nature of the seveal sorts of wheat, and the soil proper for each. III. Of the great improvement of barley, by brineing the seed, after an entire new mehod, and without expence. IV. Of increasing crops of pease and beans by horse-houghing. V. Of trefoyle, clover, lucerne, and other foreign grasses. VI. A new method to improve land at a small expence, with burnt clay. VII. Of the management of cows, sheep, suckling of calves, lambs, &c. with means to prevent, and remedies to cure rottenness in sheep. VIII. How to keep pigeons and tame rabbits to advantage. IX. A new method of Planting and improving fruit-trees in ploughed-fields. By William Ellis, of Little Gaddesden, in Hertfordshire.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
Published: (1738)
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
Published: (1738)
The modern husbandman: or, The practice of farming : As it is now carried on by the most accurate farmers in several counties of England. For the month of September. Containing, I. The different ways of plowing, and other managements preparatory to the sowing of wheat in Vale and children lands; also, the method of sowing several sorts of wheat seeds in their proper soils, in drills, in bout, in ridge, and in broad lands. II. Eighteen several cases, proving, how wheat becomes smutty, and how to prevent a farmer's having smutty or proper wheat. III. Several curious observations relating to the sowing clover, and other grass lays, and stubbles, with wheat. IV. To sow rye for a standing crop, or for feeding cattle on its green food in the field. V. The pulling and inning of flax and hemp, with many reasons, to shew how they may be improved at home in the highest perfection; also, the nature and value of Italian and Russia hemps. VI. The picking of hops, and curing them on the cockle-oast, and other kilns, with an account of their good and bad qualities. VII. The English and Irish ways of digging and preserving potatoes in the hardest frosts, and of the great service that the Castronian or Muster potatoe did to the poor Irish, in the famine of 1740. VIII. How a crop of St. Foyns may be enjoyed a year sooner than in the common way of sowing it. IX. How the Gypsy and another sort of vagrants prejudice the farmer, with a history of their lives and actions. X. The profit of sowing the winter thetch in this month, and of gathering and drying saffron. XI. The great advantage of inclosure, shewn by the example of inclosing a common by act of Parliament, to the mutual satisfaction and profit both of the rich lord of the manor and the poor commoner. And also, of the infinite damage the do the poor and the farmer, and the guilt they load themselves with, who unlawfully and unjustly inclose and detain commons from them. To which are added, many other curious and serviceable matters never before published. By Williams Ellis, of Little Gaddesden, near Hempstead, in Hertfordshire.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The practical farmer: or, The Hertfordshire husbandman : Containing many new improvements in husbandry. I. Of meliorating the different soils, and all other branches of business relating to a farm. II. Of the nature of the several sorts of wheat, and the soil proper for each. III. Of the great improvement of barley, by brineing the seed, after an entire new method, and without expence. IV. Of increasing crops of peas and beans by horse-houghing. V. Of trefoil, clover, lucerne, and other foreign grasses. VI. A new method to improve land at a small expence, with burnt clay. VII. Of the management of cows, sheep, suckling of calves, lambs, &c. with means to prevent, and remedies to cure rottenness in sheep. VIII. How to keep pigeons and tame rabbits to advantage. IX. A new method of planting and improving fruit trees in ploughed fields. X. Of the various manures and dungs proper for every soil. XI. Of the usefulness, culture, method of raising, drying and the virtues of hops. XII. Of foreign wheats. XIII. A comparison of different methods of farming in several countries. By William Ellis, of Little Gaddesden, in Hertfordshire. In two parts.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
Published: (1759)
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
Published: (1759)
The practical farmer: or, The Hertfordshire husbandman : Containing many new improvements in husbandry. I. Of meliorating the different soils, and all other branches of business relating to a fram. II. Of the nature of the several sorts of wheat, and the soil proper for each. III. Of the great improvement of barley, by brining the seed, after an entire new method, and without expence. IV. Of incerasing crops of peas and beans by horse-hoeing. V. Of trefoyle, clover, lucerne, and other foreign grasses. VI. A new method to improve land at a small expence, with burnt clay. VII. Of the management of cows, sheep, suckling of calves, lambs, &c. with means to prevent, and remedies to cure rottenness in sheep. VIII. How to keep pigeons and tame rabbits to advantage. IX. A new method of planting and improving fruit-trees in plowed fields. X. Of the various manures and dungs proper for every soil. XI. Of the usefulness, Culture, method of raising, drying, and the virtues of hops. XII. Of foreign wheats. XII General observations on the year 1734. XIV. A comparison of different methods of farming in several countries. Part II. By William Ellis, of Little Gaddesdell, in Hertfordshire.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The African husbandman.
by: Allan, William, 1904-
Published: (1965)
by: Allan, William, 1904-
Published: (1965)
The practical husbandman : being a collection of miscellaneous papers on husbandry, &c. /
by: Maxwell, Robert, 1695-1765
by: Maxwell, Robert, 1695-1765
Chiltern and vale farming explained : according to the latest improvements. Necessary for all landlords and tenants of either ploughed-grass, or wood-grounds. ... By William Ellis, ...
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman: or, The practice of farming: as it is now carried on by the most accurate farmers in several counties of England : For the month of January. Containing, I. Why and where wheat may be sown late; with remarks on Mr. Yelverton's great crop of wheat in Ireland; and instructions concerning new broken-up ground. II. New ways of sowing pease. III. Various ways of sowing lent grain. IV. How the author sent a banking plough to a gentleman for destroying the ant-hills of 300 acres of land. V. How he sent two sorts of drill ploughs, and the new invented, most profitable horse break, to a gentleman. VI. How rogues stole and sold sheep, and the subtle method a farmer took to recover his stolen fowls. VII. How a person made a great profit by transplanting turneps. VIII. Copy of a letter from a learned gentleman, how to drain wet land in the cheapest manner, with the author's answer. With many other serviceable matters, never before published. By William Ellis, of Little Gaddesden, near Hempstead, in Hertfordshire.
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman : or, the practice of farming: ... By William Ellis, ...
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The English husbandman /
by: Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637
Published: (1982)
by: Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637
Published: (1982)
The modern husbandman : or the practice of farming: ... for the month of May. ... By William Ellis, ...
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman : or the practice of farming: ... for the month of January. ... By William Ellis, ...
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The practical farmer ; or, The Hertfordshire husbandman /
by: Ellis, William, -1758
Published: (1732)
by: Ellis, William, -1758
Published: (1732)
Journal of a husbandman /
by: Duncan, Ronald, 1914-1982
Published: (1944)
by: Duncan, Ronald, 1914-1982
Published: (1944)
The modern husbandman : for the month of April, ... By William Ellis, ...
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
The modern husbandman : for the month of March, ... By William Ellis, ...
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
by: Ellis, William, approximately 1700-1758
Agricultura, or, The good husbandman : being a tract of antient and modern experimental observations on the green vegetable system : interspersed with exemplary remarks on the police of other nations : to promote industry, self-love, and public good, by reducing forests, chaces, and heaths into farms : together with some observations on the large exports that must unavoidably arise from thence, as well as the increase of population ... /
by: Peters, Matthew
by: Peters, Matthew
The husbandman's magazene : Being a treatise of horses, mares, colts, oxen, cows, calves, sheep, swine, goats: with directions for their breeding & ordering; and approved cures for all distempers, both external and internal, as frequently afflicts them, with speed and inconsiderable charge: together with plain rules for improving arable & pasture lands; improving most sort of grain to the best advantage; and what is necessary to be observed in sowing and harvesting: the management, improvement and preservation of fruit-trees, plants & flowers. The manner and ordering of flax and hemp; and increasing and preserving of bees. : With cutts. /
by: J. S.
by: J. S.
The English husbandman : drawne into two bookes, and each booke into two parts ...
by: Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637
by: Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637