http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of high lysine maize
Quality Protein Maize (QPM) with the mutant gene opaque-2 (o2), has higherlysine and tryptophan content and hard endosperm which is less susceptible to mechanical and biological damage. Three experiments were conducted to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of high lysine maize. In the first experiment two separate diallels including 7 white and 9 yellow QPM inbreds were evaluated in five southern USA environments to estimate the general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) for grain yield and to identify potential heterotic relationships among them. QPM hybrids yielded less than commercial checks. GCA effects across environments were non-significant for grain yield but highly significant for secondary traits. Best yielding hybrids resulted from crosses among inbreds from different programs(CIMMYT, Mexico; University of Natal, South Africa and TAMU, USA). In the second experiment testcrosses between QPM inbreds and Tx804, were evaluated for agronomic performance, aflatoxin resistance and quality. QPM inbreds in testcrosses have similarflowering dates, plant height, ear height and test weights but lower grain yield than normal checks. Population 69 inbreds and their testcrosses were least susceptible to aflatoxin. Aflatoxin in testcrosses was positively correlated with endosperm texture (0.67) and kernel integrity (0.60) but negatively correlated with grain yield (-0.30) andsilking date (-0.50). Tryptophan content was negatively correlated with endosperm modification. Amino acid levels of inbred lines were significantly correlated with those of hybrids, but with low predictive value. In the third experiment 92 high lysine maize inbreds with different origins [Stiff Stalk, Non Stiff Stalk, Pop 69, temperate (Tx802,Tx804, Tx806, B97, B104) and exotic subtropical lines (CML161, Do940y and Ko326y)]were haplotyped on a cM scale utilizing 43 mapped SSR markers to characterize genetic diversity on chromosome 7, estimate linkage disequilibrium around opaque-2 locus and determine the parental contribution in some inbreds. Dendrograms of genetic similarity showed clusters in agreement with the different origin of inbreds. A total of 200 alleles were detected with an average of 4.7 alleles/locus. Significant linkage disequilibrium was detected around opaque-2 locus. Parental contributions of haplotypes showed segmentsof chromosome 7 exclusively contributed by one or the other parent.
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