Pharmacokinetics of albuterol and butorphanol administered intravenously and via a buccal patch /
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Thesis eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
[College Station, Tex.] :
[Texas A & M University],
[2004]
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Link to OAK Trust copy |
| Abstract: | Conventional routes of drug administration have several disadvantages. The rate and extent of absorption can vary greatly depending on the drug, its formulation, the presence or absence of food, drug interactions, first-pass metabolism, and the gastrointestinal pH. Better dosage forms or drug mechanisms could minimize these problems. The pharmaceutical industry has recognized the need for, and has developed many new, novel drug delivery systems. Drugs that previously had decreased effective concentrations can be given by novel routes, reducing the dosing frequency of many drugs Transmucosal drug delivery can result in rapid drug absorption and systemic delivery. This study utilized a buccal patch to deliver albuterol and butorphanol. The purpose of this study was to establish pharmacokinetic parameters and the bioavailability of albuterol and butorphanol when administered intravenously and buccally. Three dogs weighing 20 kg were studied. Each received albuterol and butorphanol by buccal and intravenous administration. Blood samples were collected and analyzed by ELISA. Values for pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-compartmental modeling. For albuterol, extrapolated C[subscript] max and C₀ after buccal and IV administration were 10.28 ± 2.77 and 57.74 ± 9.04 ng/ml, respectively. Volume of distribution was 2.13 ± 1.30 L/kg and clearance was 4.73 ± 3.91 ml/min/kg. A significant difference existed between the disappearance rate constant of buccal and intravenous albuterol administration. The half-lives of buccal and IV albuterol were 160.96 ± 24.19 and 364.20 ± 115.20 min, respectively. The bioavailability of buccally administered albuterol was 35%. Maximal concentration (C[subscript] max) and C₀ after buccal and IV butorphanol administration were 6.66 ± 1.65 and 8.24 ± 5.55 ng/ml, respectively. Volume of distribution was 27.58 ± 10.14 L/kg and Cl was 137.87 ± 19.55 ml/min/kg. The half-life of buccally administered butorphanol was 259.15 ± 33.12 min and 172.12 ± 94.95 min or intravenous butorphanol. The bioavailability of buccally administered butorphanol was 606%. The buccal patch used in this study achieved systemic concentrations for both albuterol and butorphanol. Further studies are needed to determine if therapeutic drug concentrations can be achieved with the buccal patch and if the patch can result inclinical efficacy. |
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| Item Description: | Vita. Abstract. "Major Subject: Veterinary Physiology" Title from author supplied metadata (automated record created on Jul. 18, 2005.) Electronic resource. |
| Physical Description: | 1 online resource. |
| Format: | System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references. |