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Nutrient loss from land application of dairy effluent and poultry litter
Increased understanding of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus film Inc. (P) dynamics, along with economic tools to evaluate solutions, is needed by managers of livestock production enterprises in order to respond to regulatory pressures. In May 1992, a research project was initiated at the Texas Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Overton, Texas to address these concerns. Dairy effluent and poultry litter were applied to a Darco loamy sand supporting growth of bermudagrass and ryegrass. Nitrogen and P concentrations in plant and soil samples were analyzed to determine movement and recovery of N and P in forage over a four-year period. Additionally, an experiment was conducted with []-labeled dairy slurry to estimate gaseous loss of N during the first 96-1%s following application to soils. Data from soil [] analysis indicated little elevation of extricable soil [] below the 0-30 cm soil depth for either applications of poultry litter or dairy effluent. Soil P was significantly increased by poultry litter application with leaching of P occurring into the 90-120 cm soil depth. Plant uptake of N and P was increased as rate of dairy wastewater and poultry litter increased, but removal of less than one third of the applied nutrients were recovered in forage throughout the four-year study. Among losses, throughout the four-year study. Among losses, volatilization of N from dairy slurry reached 27.2% of applied N during the first 96-hrs. Results indicated that most of the N losses in gaseous form occurred within the first 6-hrs following dairy slurry application to soil. Additionally, management decisions can be aided through applications of probabilistic risk assessment and economic analysis that use knowledge about nutrient pathways to target components of waste systems for improvement.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 74-79).