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Effects of vegetative canopy cover and fluctuating temperature on horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.)
mortality of horn fly immature stages in bovine manure pats in the field and to develop mathematical models to describe the elects of vegetative canopy cover and alternating temperature on horn fly population dynamics. At a site in Jim Wells County, Texas, one year before initiation of the study, mattes consisting primarily of honey mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa Torr., were treated with either Triclopyr + picloram (1 : 1) aerially (1. 1 kg/ha), with woody vegetation girdled and herbicide (Triclopyr) applied to cuts, with clearest and triclopyr + picloram (1: 1) applied to stumps; other mattes were untreated. Manure pats, seeded with horn fly eggs, were situated in each of the mattes and also interstitial zones with no canopy cover. Horn fly survival was found to be positively correlated with amount of canopy present in each of these areas. At a site in Burleson County, Texas, manure pats seeded with horn fly eggs were placed under canopy created primarily by post oak Quercus stellate Wangenh. Ait. And yaupon holly, Ilex vomitoria Mt. Canopy cover was categorized as less than 3 hours direct sunlight, 3-6 hours of direct sunlight, 6-9 hours of direct sunlight or greater than 9 hours of direct sunlight, respectively. Immature mortality was found to be directly correlated with amount of solar exposure. In the laboratory, alternating temperatures of (12h: 12h) [] accelerated development rates when compared to horn flies reared at a constant []. High temperatures were not shown to accelerate development rates. In the field, however, accelerated development due to alternating temperatures was not observed.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-82).