Table of Contents:
  • pt. I. Roots, colonialism and conflict (300 A.D-1890)
  • ch. I. Pre-Columbian cultures of America
  • I. The classical period : the rise of great civilizations
  • (A) Introduction
  • (B) The urban civilization of Teotihuakan
  • (C) Cakaxtla & Xochikalko, the Mayan link
  • (D) Classic Veracruz
  • (E) Classic Monte Albán
  • (F) The classic collapse
  • II. The post-classic period : the Toltekah confederation
  • (A) The Northern nomads : the Teo-Chichimekahs
  • (B) Tollan and the Toltekahs
  • (C) The United States Southwest connection
  • (D) Late Zapotekan culture : Mitla
  • (E) The Purépecha : the Tarascans
  • II. The post-classic Renaissance : the confederation of Anauak
  • (A) Roots, early formation and nature of a people
  • B) The arrival to Chapultépek and the problems of settlement
  • (C) The founding of Metziko-Tenochtítlan
  • (D) The second epoch of formation : government and leadership
  • (E) Moktekuzoma Xokoyótzin : the invasion of Metziko Tenochtitlan
  • (F) The broken treaty of August 22, 1521 and the anatomy of at nation
  • (G) The end of high culture and the beginning of Western hegemony
  • (H) Aztekah education and the search for Neltilizltli and Cohuáyotl.
  • ch. II. Cultural dominance of Spanish colonialism & native cultural counter-hegemony
  • (A) European Medieval culture : church and state
  • (1) Church councils and the Romanization of the church
  • (2) The rise of the church to a temporal power
  • (3) Negative impact of Teutonic culture : Spain and Europe
  • (4) The Crusades and Reconquista
  • (5) Society in the Middle Ages
  • (6) The Spanish Medieval church and the Inquisition
  • (B) Spanish neo-feudalism : New Spain
  • (1) Spanish Medievalism in the Carribean [sic]
  • (2) Invasion of the mainland and censorship
  • (3) The Middle Ages in the Americas
  • (4) Native-American, Mestizo & Criollo : Western social & color prejudice
  • (5) Spanish didactic & religious mission : autocthonous cultural/religious genocide
  • (6) Change of arms : Criollo takeover and the contribution of neo-colonialism
  • (C) Aztec colonial myths : historical/religious bias misinterpretation
  • (1) Zenteotl or the one supreme force
  • (2) The colonial myth of hell as Mictlan
  • (3) The colonial myth of fatalism
  • (4) The colonial myth of polytheism
  • (5) The colonial myth of Ketzalkoatl as an anthropomorphic God
  • (6) The colonial myth of imperialism
  • (7) The colonial myth of slavery
  • (8) The colonial myth of cannibalism & human sacrifice
  • (9) The colonial myth of dipsomania
  • (10) The problem of using altered and biased post-conquest codices & chronicles
  • (11) The colonial myth of Machismo & the debased woman
  • (12) An autocthonous view of Aztec society.
  • ch. III. Mexican counter hegemony : autocriticism, the search for identity and the Chicano
  • (A) The Ateneo de la Juventud and Mexicanidad
  • (B) Mestizaje
  • (C) José Vasconcelos : Mestizaje as a developing human consciousness
  • (D) Antonio Caso : El Problema de México y la Ideología de México
  • (E) Samuel Ramos : El Perfil del Hombre y la Cultura
  • (F) The metaphysics of Vasconcelos : La Raza Cósmica, Indología
  • (G) Octavio Paz : El Laberinto de la Soledad
  • (H) José Iturriaga : "El Carácter del Mexicano"
  • (I) Rosario Castellanos, Leopoldo Zea and Emilio Uranga
  • (J) Contemporary analyses : Roger Batra, Sara Sefchovich
  • (K) Conclusions to the analysis of the Mexican character
  • The Chicano/Tejano/Mexican-American
  • (1) Chicano cultural background
  • (2) European racial legacy
  • (3) Socio-economic classifications
  • (4) The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
  • (5) The Chicano movement
  • (6) Chicano characteristics
  • (8) Assimilation & imitation
  • (9) Conclusions to the analysis of the Chicano character
  • (10) The Mexican and Mexicanidad
  • (11) The Chicano/Chicana & Chicanidad
  • (12) The new Mestizajicanidad.
  • ch. IV. The clash of two cultures
  • (A) From English-American colonialism to XIX imperialism
  • (1) The background : English-American & Spanish colonialism
  • (2) Culture and the hegemonic process
  • (3) Religious intolerance, expansionism and exploitation
  • (4) Cultural/religious bias and colonial literature
  • (5) Attitudes towards Mexicans and Native-Americans
  • (6) Biased U.S. literature : the Spanish colonial connection
  • (B) XIX century invasion/conquest of Texas : cultural conflict and resistance
  • (1) Early political agenda for expansionism : from Benjamin Franklin to Stephen F. Austin
  • (2) Mexican Texas : demography and cultural distinctions
  • (3) U.S. coercion politics & the battle of the Alamo
  • (4) A Mexican account of the Alamo
  • (5) The policies of Polk and the provoked attack on Matamoros by Zachary Taylor
  • (C) Juan Nepomuceno Cortina : rebel for justice
  • (1) Frontier lawlessness and corrupt oligarchy
  • (2) Banditry or ethical defense
  • (3) Cortina the citizen and his proclamation
  • (4) Texas Rangers and vigilante reprisals
  • (5) Cortina the man
  • (D) U.S. political and territorial ambitions
  • (1) Polk's plan, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo & slavery
  • (2) Historical distortions and the land grab
  • (3) Expansionism & resistance : New Mexico
  • (4) Two societies in conflict in Arizona
  • (5) The final invasion/conquest California & the Californios.
  • pt. II. The XX century Mestizo/Chicano
  • ch. V. Mexican/Chicano adaptation, racism & resistance
  • (A) The background : 1890-1939
  • (1) Mexican labor and race relations
  • (2) El Plan de San Diego
  • (3) Texas Rangers & Army persecutions
  • (4) Magonista resistance
  • (5) Repatriation, segregation and power polities
  • (B) Mexican/Chicano resistance movements of the Southwest
  • (1) Mexican-American unions and mutual aid societies
  • (2) League of Latin-Americans (1927)
  • (3) Integration vs. assimilation
  • (4) Racism and Anglo social hierarchy
  • (5) Migration to the Midwest
  • (6) Sleepy Lagoon case and The Zoot Suit Riots
  • (7) The marginal world of the Pachuco
  • (8) Public racial discrimination in Texas
  • (C) Public education and political organization
  • (1) Méndez vs. the Wesminister School District
  • (2) Ethnocentrism and language discrimination
  • (3) Immigration, Texas legislature racism and the Texas Rangers
  • (4) The leadership : Canales, Perales, Castañeda, Sanchez
  • (5) Definitions of "the Mexican problem"
  • (6) G.I. Forum, La Raza Unida Party and M.A.L.D.F.
  • (7) Education in the eighties and the nineties.
  • ch. VI. Chicano mobilization & organization
  • (A) César Chávez
  • (B) Reies López Tijerina and the land grant question
  • (C) The Chicano movement : socio-political and academic impact
  • (D) Activism and the Cantos in the sixties and seventies
  • (E) Chicano activism and the crusade for justice : Rodolfo Corky González
  • (F) Etymology of "Chicano" and El Plan Espiritual de Aztlan
  • (G) Angel Gutiérrez and MAYO
  • (H) Crystal City and La Raza Unida.
  • ch. VII. Chicano academic, cultural and critical achievements
  • (A) Chicano studies
  • (1) Chicano studies programs
  • (2) Chicano student organizations
  • (3) Journals and small presses
  • (B) Flor Y Canto & Canto at Pueblo : poetry and art
  • (C) Ricardo Sánchez : liberationist and humanist poet
  • (D) Luis Valdez and Teatro Campesino
  • (E) Prose fiction : novel and short story.
  • ch. VIII. Cultural inheritance, identity and awareness
  • (A) Culture, folklore & language
  • (1) Southwestern Chicano dialects
  • (2) Raza humor
  • (3) Curanderismo
  • (4) Chicano/Tejano music
  • (5) Chicano cinema
  • (B) Chicanismo/Chicanidad : from pre-Columbian roots to Mestizajicanidad
  • (1) Origin & meaning of "Chicano" : philosophical & societal implications
  • (2) Pluralism & universality of Vasconcelos' La Raza Cósmica
  • (3) Chicano customs & celebrations : cholos, Hispanos, Latinos & Mestizo-Americans
  • (C) The Chicana/Latina : cultural inheritance, struggles & awareness
  • (1) Role of women in history : pre-Columbian models vs. Western models
  • (2) The contemporary Chicana/Latina : the new Mestiza-American
  • (3) Precursors of Mestiza feminism
  • (4) Anglo-American perceptions
  • (5) The Angel of Goliad & the Adelita from the valley
  • (6) Luisa Moreno, Malagram González, Dolores Huerta, Francisca Flores, Alicia Escalante : from the thirties to the sixties
  • (7) De Colores & Linda Morales Armas
  • (8) The seventies : Estela Portillo Trambley, Lorna Dee Cervantes, Evangelina Vigil, Bernice Zamora, Angela de Hoyos
  • (9) The eighties : Alma Villanueva, Pat Mora, Sandra Cisneros, Lucha Corpi, Roberta Fernández, Irene Beltrán Hernández
  • (10) The decolonization of the history of women.