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Comparative toxicities of two common agricultural chemicals to toads
1833, and B. velatus Bragg & Sanders, 1951, in relation to
Amphibians are limited in their movements compared to other
analysis. Trifluralin showed differences from controls only
at 1 hr and 1 d post-dosing for brain cholinesterase (ChE)
at 6 hr. Behavioral tests between species, with the
between baseline levels of brain ChE activity between the two
between sexes showed no significant differences. juveniles
brain ChE after carbofuran exposure. There were no
carbofuran concentration of approximately 5.5% of the highest
contraction, and mass increase. Animals were also tested
differences in brain ChE responses between animals exposed to
entire local populations destroyed by agricultural
exception of hyperactivity, revealed differences in
exposed to carbofuran in all behavioral categories. A
for 6 hr to carbofuran or trifluralin. Toads were checked
for several months to observe feeding behavior and general
geographic range, however, the cause is unknown. Tests
health. Animals were exposed dermally by ventral absorption
information about two toad species, Bufo valliceps Wiegmann,
mean brain ChE levels at 1 hr. There was a difference
of righting reflex in 30% of B. valliceps and 60% B velatus
pesticides. This study provides basic toxicological
pre-and post-dosing for feeding response. Toads were frozen
prior to the exposure and at 2, 4, and 6 hr for loss of
recommended field application rate (2.5 gal/acre) caused loss
righting reflex and hind-leg retraction, hyperactivity, iris
sensitive. This coincides with the recent reduction in its
sensitivities to carbofuran with B. velatus being more
showed differences from the adults in iris contraction and
soil. Toads of both species were collected at a site in East
species, with B. valliceps having higher normal levels. B.
terrestrial vertebrates and are therefore at risk of having
Texas in 1993, 1994, and 1995, and maintained in captivity
There were significant differences between controls and toads
trifluralin, that are widely used and applied directly to the
two major agricultural pesticides, carbofuran and
valliceps showed 41.2% and B. velatus 46.5% inhibition of
within the post-feeding test; dosed animals did not eat.
"Major subject: Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences".
Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.
Includes bibliographical references: pages 36-49.