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Technological and functional variability of convergent tools from Nahr Ibrahim, Lebanon
behavioral implications for Levantine Mousterian technological organization
xvii, 323 leaves : illustrations, maps ; 28 cm.
alluded to a variety of purposes for these implements,
and have long been considered an important portion of the
and locality provisioning. Evidence indicates that there was
artifact maintenance, repair, and procurement of non-food
by hominids, and varying intensities of individual, activity,
convergent tool manufacture and use during the Levantine
Convergent tools are hallmarks of the Levantine Mousterian
convergent tools, while somewhat thicker, were employed in a
data are derived from Levantine Mousterian cave sites of
design criteria employed by Levantine Mousterian hominids.
extractive tasks (associated with procurement or processing
implements functioned as multi-purpose components of personal
included broader proximal dimensions and distal convergence.
including weapon tips. The role of convergent tools in
Levallois counterparts. Levantine Mousterian convergent
Levantine Mousterian technological organization is explored
material, and activity sets. Activity sets were divided into
modem humans, archaic hominids or Homo sapiens
neanderthalensis. Primary design criteria that were desired
not a great degree of behavioral difference associated with
of food) and maintenance tasks (attributed to tool or
preparation prior to flake removal was critical to achieve
ranges of inferred tasks that were performed or anticipated
relied upon fracture mechanics of brittle solids and lowpower
represents the Zagros Mousterian. The relationship between
resources). Functional analysis revealed that convergent
similar range of extractive and maintenance tasks as their
Skhul, Kebara, Qafzeh, Tabun, Hayonim, and Tor Faraj. A
small sample of convergent tools from Shanidar, Iraq
some degree related to differences in activity location, the
Technological analysis included metric and attribute studies
technology. Previous typological and technological analyses
technology. Technological and functional variability was to
the desired convergent flake shape. Functional analysis
these implements from Nahr Ibrahim, Lebanon. Comparative
through a detailed technological and functional analysis of
through use of the Levallois technique. Non-Levallois
to determine techniques of manufacture. The method of core
tool manufacture and use is reflected in a set of implement
tool uses were similar throughout the Levant, regardless of
toolkits and were a significant component of the subsistence
use-wear techniques to determine tool motion, worked
whether the implements were are attributed to anatomically
Width and length were emphasized and thickness was controlled
Issued also on microfiche from University Microfilms Inc.
Includes bibliographical references: pages 288-322.