Nutrient recovery of poultry utilizing alkaline hydroxide preservation /
Studies were conducted to examine the chemical preservation
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
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[Place of publication not identified] :
[publisher not identified] ;
1996.
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://proxy.library.tamu.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739363731&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=2945&RQT=309&VName=PQD |
| Summary: | Studies were conducted to examine the chemical preservation of whole broiler carcasses utilizing aqueous alkaline hydroxide solutions. Conversion of the preserved carcasses and solutions into an acceptable poultry by-product meal was examined. The research identified the basic parameters for effective preservative solutions that simultaneously hydrolyzed feathers and preserved the carcass. Euthanized fully feathered mature broilers were placed in potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide solutions for 5 and 10 days (d). Effectiveness was related to visible feather and carcass solubilization, odor production, inhibition of microbial growth, and solids content of the alkaline solutions. Sodium hydroxide at 1.9 molar (M) and 2.0 M diffused throughout the carcass and produced adequate preservation without apparent putrefaction through 10 d. Aerobic bacteria were not recovered from sodium hydroxide solutions, carcass skin, and intestine samples at the 1.9 M concentration. Treatments of 2.0 M potassium hydroxide and 1.5 M potassium hydroxide with 0.5 M sodium hydroxide produced the highest degree of carcass liquification at 10 d without visible putrefaction. Ratios ranging from 1:1 through 4-.1 (wt/wt), of 2.0 M sodium hydroxide solution to carcass weight were effective in preserving individual carcasses for greater than 60 d without putrefaction. Carcasses and alkaline solutions at the 1 -. 1 ratio treatment were blended and freeze dried to produce a high fat whole poultry by-product meal. The dry meal was analyzed for nutrient composition, true metabolizable energy, and amino acid content. Viable bacteria were not recovered after inoculation of the experimental meal with Salmonella enteritidis. The meal was incorporated at 5% and 10% of chick starter diets fed in two trials. Chicks found the meal containing diets acceptable. Feed consumption, water consumption, body weight, and mortality were not significantly different among the dietary treatments in either of the two separate feeding trials. Necropsy samples revealed no pathological or histological differences attributable to consumption of the alkaline poultry by- product and blood serum evaluation found no variation in blood chemistry. Alkaline treatment of whole broiler carcasses was found to be an effective preservative method and acceptable as a dry poultry by-product meal. |
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| Item Description: | Vita. "Major Subject: Poultry Science". |
| Physical Description: | xi,79 leaves : illustrations ; 28 cm. Issued also on microfiche from University Microfilms Inc. |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references: pages 71-78. |