Extraction of expander-pretreated cottonseed with aqueous isopropyl alcohol /
Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) has been considered as an alternative
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
[Place of publication not identified] :
[publisher not identified] ;
1995.
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Link to OAKTrust copy http://proxy.library.tamu.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=742535531&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=2945&RQT=309&VName=PQD |
| Summary: | Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) has been considered as an alternative to hexane for vegetable oil extraction. This study evaluated aqueous IPA (88, 93, 95 and 97%, w/w) extraction of cottonseeds in combination with an expansion pretreatment. The cottonseeds were flaked and cooked before the expansion. Both fhvex and Solvex expanders were used to produce cottonseed collets, and the couets were dried using a belt dryer. Oil was extracted from the collets and flakes by a simulated 7-stage countercurrent extraction using a laboratory extraction unit. The Hivex expander removed about 35% of the original oil in the cottonseeds. Expansion reduced considerably the level of free gossypol in the meals. The collets and flakes were extracted with 95% IPA and the solvent holdup of the collets was much lower than that of the flakes. The oils produced from the collets were lower in free fatty acid, gossypol, and sugar than the oils from the flakes. But the phosphorus content of the oil from the collets was 45% higher than that of the oil from the flakes. The lower calcium and magnesiinn contents as well as the data from HPLC analysis indicated that the expander process produced oil with more hydratable phospholipids. Hexane extraction was used as a control to compare with aqueous IPA extractions. The aqueous IPA sufficiently extracted oils from cottonseed, but not as efficiently as hexane. The extraction efficiency of IPA increased with the increase in IPA concentration. The miscelia formation proceeded more slowly in the IPA extraction than in the hexane extraction. Also, solvent holdup was higher for aqueous IPA than hexane, and this decreased when the IPA concentration increased. Aqueous IPA extracted a large amount of non-glyceride substances with the crude cottonseed oil. The aqueous IPA- extracted oils contained more free fatty acid, phosphorus, gossypol, and sugar than the hexane-extracted oil. In addition, the aqueous IPA extracted more hydratable phospholipids with the oil. The defatted meals resulting from the aqueous IPA and hexane extraction contained similar amount of protein. But hexane-extracted meals had higher protein dispersibility than aqueous IPA-extracted meals. All the aqueous IPAextracted collets, from either the Hivex or Solvex expander, contained less than 450 ppm free gossypol, making them suitable for poultry and most non-ruminant feeds. |
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| Item Description: | Vita. "Major Subject: Food Science and Technology". |
| Physical Description: | xiii, 109 leaves : illustrations ; 28 cm. Issued also on microfiche from University Microfilms Inc. |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references. |