http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Cold tolerance of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and thermal-refuge technology to protect this species from cold-kill in aquaculture ponds
0.93) with the lower-lethal-temperature series; the requisite
1992-93 version (r > 0.99). A second phase of the research
93 refuge design, which featured an inflated, dome-like
Although red drum in the ponds at Palacios were not
April. Acclimation temperatures were inferred by
at 24 h yielded estimates of mean lower lethal temperature
bioassays. Regression of probit-transformed percent survival
could be tested and compared, both with each other and with
cover, was the most effective in terms of cost, ease of
dates. Values of estimated acclimation temperature for these
experimental thermal refuge were installed and operated in
exponential rate constants ranging from 0.01 1 to 0.026 min-'
exponentially filtering the pondtemperature time series so
filter had an exponential rate constant of 0.044 day-1.
focused on cold tolerance of red drum in ponds at Palacios,
for the 1991-92 version and 0.004 to 0.006 min-' for the
from 6 February to 2 April 1993. Values of the 24-h lower
however, there was a significant difference among sample
kill led to the development of thermalrefuge technology for
lethal temperature of fish sampled from refuge-equipped and
maintenance, and resistance to heat loss. A mathematical
model, based on Newton's law of cooling, was used to simulate
non-refuge-equipped ponds were estimated via lethal-cold
overwintering these fish. Successive versions of an
Palacios, Texas, during the winters of 1991-92 and 1992-93.
red drum ranged from 13.5 IC on 6 February to 17.7 IC on 2
refuge thermodynamics. The best-fitting model had
refuge-equipped and non-refugeequipped ponds did not differ;
that the filtered values had maximum linear correlation (r =
The need to protect red drum in aquaculture ponds from cold-
the prototype refuge used in the winter of 1990-91. The 1992-
thermodynamic efficiency of the two versions of the refuge
threatened by cold during either of these mild winters, the
two adjacent red drum culture ponds at Redfish Unlimited,
which rose from 0.7 IC on 6 February to 6.6 IC on 2 April.
Within dates lower lethal temperatures of fish taken from
"Major subject: Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences".