http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Technical and financial feasibility of shelterbelt and block plantation agroforestry systems in Punjab Pakistan
xvi, 109 leaves : illustrations ; 28 cm.
Two studies were conducted to determine the technical and financial feasibility of agroforestry systems in Punjab, Pakistan. One study was on cultivated land and examined the effects of single row, 6 to 71/2year old, shelterbelts on wheat and sorghum yield. Three different row spacings (10 m, 12 m and 15 m) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Bombe-x ceiba were studied. The other study was on saline fallow land and examined the feasibility of using block plantations to reclaim the soil. Acacia nilotica and Eucalyptus camaldulensis were grown as monocultures and as a mixed plantation for six years and the yield, economics and soil amelioration was documented. In the shelterbelt study, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was the variable most strongly correlated with production of wheat (r=0.67) and sorghum (r=0.89). Wheat yield was least within 1 m of the trees and increased as distance from the trees increased up to 5 m. Beyond 5 m there was no significant difference in yield. Wheat production was greater adjacent to B. Ceiba than E. camaldulensis. There was no significant difference in wheat yield between year six and seven, but the seventh year yield was consistently lower than the sixth. The benefit cost ratio (B:C) and net present value (NPV) were greater in agroforestry treatments than the agronomic monoculture and they were greater in narrow tree row spacing than wider row spacing. In the block plantation study, E. camaldulensis had a greater bole length and girth in the mixed plantations, possibly because of the greater availability of nitrogen associated with the presence of the leguminous A. nilotica. All three treatments had a very attractive B:C, NPV and internal rate of return; the mixed plantation had a greater return than the monocultures. Organic matter, N, P, and K increased and Na, SAR, pH, EC, and bulk density decreased in the soils under the trees compared to fallow plots.
"Major Subject: Rangeland Ecology and Management".
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