Evaluation of dietary vitamin requirements of the White-leg Shrimp, Penaeus vannamei /
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| Other Authors: | , |
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
1993.
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | ProQuest, Abstract Link to OAKTrust copy |
| Abstract: | The dietary vitamin requirements of Penaeus vannamei were evaluated under controlled conditions using semi-purified diets. The following vitamins were demonstrated to be essential in the diet: thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotinic acid, folic acid, vitamin C, choline, as well as vitamins A, D, and E. Based on a growth criterion, minimum dietary riboflavin, nicotinic acid, and vitamin A requirements of P. vannamei were determined to be 38 mg, 50 mg and 2600 IU per kg diet, respectively. Supplementation of thiamin-HCl, folic acid, and vitamin D3 at 25 mg, 20 mg, and 2000 IU per kg diet, respectively, was adequate to support normal growth. Vitamin C requirements of shrimp decreased with size: 120 mg vitamin C/kg diet was required for 0.1 g shrimp, but only 41 mg/kg diet was required for 0.5 g shrimp. Dietary vitamin C at 120 and 90 mg/kg was required for normal body ascorbic acid content in shrimp of 0.1 and 0.5 g, respectively. Dietary vitamin C deficiency resulted in severe mortality. A pyridoxine-deficient diet significantly reduced shrimp growth and muscle aminotransferase activity. In shrimp muscle, free amino acid concentrations of all the dispensable amino acids and of arginine, histidine, lysine, and phenylalanine were significantly affected by dietary pyridoxine. The dietary pyridoxine requirement was determined to be 80 mg pyridoxine-HCl/kg; however, excessive dietary pyridoxine-HCl (160 mg/kg) depressed shrimp growth. There was no interaction between choline and lecithin based on growth and survival of shrimp, but both nutrients were required in the diet. A level of 1000 mg choline chloride/kg diet was adequate. The vitamin E requirement of P. vannamei was determined to be 99 mg all-rac-α-tocopherol acetate/kg diet. Vitamin E proved to be effective in preventing cellular membrane and dietary lipid peroxidation and in improving storage stability of shrimp. Butylated hydroxytoluene was an effective antioxidant in protecting dietary lipid from peroxidation, but was less active in tissue protection and had no protective effect on membrane lipid peroxidation. Under the reported conditions, dietary requirements for vitamin K, pantothenic acid, and inositol were not defined. Results from the present study may be used as guidelines for formulating vitamin premixes used in intensive shrimp production. |
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| Item Description: | Vita. "Major subject: Nutrition." |
| Physical Description: | xiii, 156 leaves : illustrations ; 28 cm |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references. |