| Abstract: | This paper examines women's contribution to farm household income on small farms in three areas of Zambia. Data collected from a sample of 112 women show that females contribute more than half of the hours of agricultural labor done by their households as well as more than four-fifths of the hours of household labor. In addition, females contribute more than half of the average household's off-farm income (gained from wage labor and small-scale trading). When net farm income is allocated on the basis of hours contributed and this is added to off-farm income, females generate 55% of the average household's cash income. |
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