http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Interaction of the cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter), and associated microorganisms in the induction of stress ethylene by the cotton plant
The internal microflora associated with the salivary gland, whole body, and egg of the cotton fleahopper (CFH), Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), were isolated and identified. Approximately 60% of the salivary glands from field-collected fleahoppers were sterile while those from laboratory-reared insects were universally contaminated. The most common salivary-gland contaminants were species of the fungus, Penicillium. Some of the whole-body microorganisms isolated belonged to genera of common plant pathogens, such as Fusarium, Alternaria, and Xanthomonas. Fleahopper eggs contained no contaminants; however, the plant tissue immediately surrounding eggs was heavily contaminated with a variety of microorganisms. Using cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and the bacterial blight agent, Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Smith) Dye (XCM), microbial transmission by feeding of CFH was studied. In controlled feeding tests, artificially infested CFH infected 51% of the plants they attacked. Of these infected plants, 81% exhibited symptoms of bacterial blight; 19% did not exhibit symptoms, but contained the bacterium. Excised cotton terminal buds incubated with CFH adults or nymphs produced ethylene at abscission-inducing rates by 24 h. Those buds infested with nymphs produced twice as much ethylene at their peak (60 h) as buds infested with adults. XCM produced little ethylene in culture, but induced cotton buds to produce ethylene at abscission-inducing rates by 24 h. When either Penicillium purpuroqenum Stoll (HJRP) or P. qlabrum (Wehmer) Westling (GIAB) was inoculated into cotton buds, abscission-inducing levels of ethylene were reached within 12 h and remained high for 72 h. Time course of ethylene production by HJRP and GIAB in culture suggests that a majority of the ethylene produced by Penicillium-inoculated cotton buds was of fungal origin. Autoclaved suspensions of all microorganisms induced cotton buds to produce ethylene at rates higher than controls. Centrifuged and filter-sterilized salivary homogenates of adult CFH contained the enzyme polygalacturonase (pectinase). Salivary extracts were strong elicitors of stress ethylene production following their injection into excised cotton shoot tips. The ability of these salivary homogenates to induce ethylene production was destroyed by boiling and reduced by long-term storage.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-96).